/**
 * <copyright> Copyright (c) 2006 by Know-Center, Graz, Austria </copyright>
 * 
 * This software is the confidential and proprietary information of Know-Center,
 * Graz, Austria. You shall not disclose such Confidential Information and shall
 * use it only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement you entered
 * into with Know-Center.
 * 
 * KNOW-CENTER MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF
 * THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR
 * NON-INFRINGEMENT. KNOW-CENTER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY
 * LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS
 * DERIVATIVES.
 * 
 * $Id: Placeholder.java,v 1.5 2006/10/31 08:17:50 wprinz Exp $
 */
package at.knowcenter.wag.egov.egiz.pdf;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.codec.net.URLCodec;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import at.knowcenter.wag.egov.egiz.cfg.ConfigLogger;
import at.knowcenter.wag.egov.egiz.exceptions.PDFDocumentException;
import at.knowcenter.wag.egov.egiz.exceptions.PlaceholderException;
import at.knowcenter.wag.exactparser.ByteArrayUtils;

/**
 * Helper class that provides functionality for dealing with placeholders and
 * replacements in pdf.
 * 
 * @author wprinz
 */
public abstract class Placeholder
{
  /**
   * The logger definition.
   */
  private static final Logger logger_ = ConfigLogger.getLogger(Placeholder.class);

  /**
   * Escapes the String to be a suitable Literal String..
   * 
   * @param data
   *          The String to be escaped.
   * @return Returns the escaped PDF String.
   */
  public static byte[] escapePDFString(byte[] data)
  {
    try
    {
      ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
      {
        byte[] escaped_bytes = escapeByte(data[i]);
        baos.write(escaped_bytes);
      }
      return baos.toByteArray();
    }
    catch (IOException e)
    {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Unescapes the PDF String.
   * 
   * @param data
   *          The escaped String.
   * @return Returns the unescaped String.
   */
  public static byte[] unescapePDFString(byte[] data)
  {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
    {
      if (data[i] == '\\' && data[i + 1] == '\\')
      {
        baos.write('\\');
        i++;
        continue;
      }
      if (data[i] == '\\' && data[i + 1] == '(')

      {
        baos.write('(');
        i++;
        continue;
      }
      if (data[i] == '\\' && data[i + 1] == ')')
      {
        baos.write(')');
        i++;
        continue;
      }
      baos.write(data[i]);
    }
    return baos.toByteArray();
  }

  /**
   * Reconstructs the string from a partition of placeholders.
   * 
   * @param pdf
   *          The PDF to read the string from.
   * @param sis
   *          The list of StringInfo objects that specify the bytes of the
   *          string in the pdf.
   * @return Returns the extracted and reconverted string.
   * @throws IOException
   *           Forwarded exception.
   */
  public static String reconstructStringFromPartition(byte[] pdf, List sis,
      byte[] enc) throws IOException
  {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    Iterator it = sis.iterator();
    while (it.hasNext())
    {
      StringInfo si = (StringInfo) it.next();

      for (int i = si.string_start; i < si.string_start + si.string_length; i++)
      {
        if (pdf[i] != 0)
        {
          baos.write(pdf[i]);
        }
      }
    }

    baos.close();
    byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();

    byte[] unescaped_bytes = unescapePDFString(bytes);

    if (!ByteArrayUtils.compareByteArrays(enc, 0, BinarySignature.ENCODING_WIN) && !ByteArrayUtils.compareByteArrays(enc, 0, BinarySignature.ENCODING_URL))
    {
      String enc_str = new String(enc, "US-ASCII");
      logger_.warn("The encoding " + enc_str + " is not known by this application - trying to proceed anyways.");
    }

    String text = new String(unescaped_bytes, "windows-1252");

    String str = text;
    if (ByteArrayUtils.compareByteArrays(enc, 0, BinarySignature.ENCODING_URL))
    {
      str = unapplyURLEncoding(str);
    }

    return str;
  }

  /**
   * Prepares the given String to a byte array that can be substituted into the
   * placeholder.
   * 
   * @param text
   *          The text to be prepared for substitution.
   * @return Returns the prepared byte array.
   */
  public static byte[] applyWinAnsiEncoding(String text)
  {
    // text = text.replace("\\", "\\\\");
    // text = text.replace("(", "\\(");
    // text = text.replace(")", "\\)");

    byte[] replace_bytes;
    try
    {
      replace_bytes = text.getBytes("windows-1252");// CP1252 = WinAnsiEncoding

      // test the opposite way:
      // String restored_string = new String (replace_bytes, "windows-1252");
      // if (!restored_string.equals(text))
      // {
      // String url_encoded = URLEncoder.encode(text);
      // replace_bytes = url_encoded.getBytes("windows-1252");
      // }
    }
    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
    {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }
    return replace_bytes;
  }

  /**
   * Unapplies the WinAnsi encoding.
   * 
   * @param replace_bytes
   *          The bytes.
   * @return Returns the decoded String.
   */
  public static String unapplyWinAnsiEncoding(byte[] replace_bytes)
  {
    try
    {
      String text = new String(replace_bytes, "windows-1252");

      return text;
    }
    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
    {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }

  }

  /**
   * Applies the URL encoding to the text.
   * 
   * @param text
   *          The text
   * @return Returns the URL and WinAnsi encoded text.
   */
  public static byte[] applyURLEncoding(String text)
  {
    URLCodec utf8_url_codec = new URLCodec("UTF-8");
    String url_encoded = null;
    try
    {
      url_encoded = utf8_url_codec.encode(text, "UTF-8");
    }
    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
    {
      throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't url encode : " + text, e);
    }
    // String url_encoded = URLEncoder.encode(text);
    return applyWinAnsiEncoding(url_encoded);
  }

  /**
   * Unapplies the WinAnsi and URL encoding.
   * 
   * @param winansi_str
   *          The Winansi and URL text.
   * @return Returns the decoded text.
   */
  public static String unapplyURLEncoding(String winansi_str)
  {
    URLCodec utf8_url_codec = new URLCodec("UTF-8");
    String url_decoded = null;
    try
    {
      url_decoded = utf8_url_codec.decode(winansi_str, "UTF-8");
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
      throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't url decode : " + winansi_str, e);
    }
    // String url_decoded = URLDecoder.decode(winansi_str);
    return url_decoded;
  }

  /**
   * Restores the String from a previously prepared byte array.
   * 
   * @param pdf_string
   *          The byte array.
   * @return Returns the unprepared String.
   */
  public static String unprepareAndUnescapeString(byte[] pdf_string)
  {
    try
    {
      String text = new String(pdf_string, "windows-1252");

      // This makes problems when "+" appears.
      // if (isURLEncoded(text))
      // {
      // text = URLDecoder.decode(text);
      // }

//      text = text.replace("\\)", ")");
//      text = text.replace("\\(", "(");
//      text = text.replace("\\\\", "\\");
      
      // TODO: replace jdk1.5-code with jdf1.4-code (should be tested)
      /* */
      text = text.replaceAll("\\\\\\)", ")");
      text = text.replaceAll("\\\\\\(", "(");
      text = text.replaceAll("\\\\\\\\", "\\\\");
      

      return text;
    }
    catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
    {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Checks the presence of typical URL encoded characters to tell if the string
   * is URL encoded.
   * 
   * <p>
   * This heuristic checks if there are any non URL encoded characters in the
   * String, like ASCII control characters, which aren't allowed in the
   * URLEncoding characterset.
   * </p>
   * 
   * @param text
   *          The text under suspicion.
   * @return Returns true if the String is URL encoded, false otherwise.
   */
  protected static boolean isURLEncoded(String text)
  {
    if (text.indexOf(' ') >= 0)
    {
      return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++)
    {
      char c = text.charAt(i);
      if (0x00 <= c && c <= 0x1f)
      {
        return false;
      }
      if (c == 0x7F)
      {
        return false;
      }
      if (0x80 <= c)
      {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Tells, if a break can occur behind the given character.
   * 
   * @param character
   *          The character.
   * @return Returns true, if a break may occur behind the character, false
   *         otherwise.
   */
  protected static boolean canBreakAfter(byte character)
  {
    return (character == ' ' || character == ',' || character == ';');
  }

  /**
   * Scans the given PDF content stream for literal PDF strings.
   * 
   * @param pdf
   *          The PDF.
   * @param stream_start
   *          The start of the content stream to be scanned.
   * @param stream_next
   *          The end of the content stream.
   * @return Returns a list of StringInfo objects specifying the strings that
   *         could be found.
   */
  public static List parseStrings(byte[] pdf, int stream_start, int stream_next)
  {
    List strings = new ArrayList();
    StringInfo cur_string = null;
    for (int i = stream_start; i < stream_next; i++)
    {
      byte cur_byte = pdf[i];

      if (cur_byte == '(' && pdf[i - 1] != '\\')
      {
        cur_string = new StringInfo();
        cur_string.pdf = pdf;
        cur_string.string_start = i + 1;
        cur_string.string_length = -1;
        // logger_.debug("String start = " + cur_string.string_start);
        continue;
      }
      if (cur_byte == ')' && pdf[i - 1] != '\\')
      {
        cur_string.string_length = i - cur_string.string_start;
        // logger_.debug("String length = " + cur_string.string_length);
        strings.add(cur_string);

        cur_string = null;
        continue;
      }
    }

    return strings;
  }

  /**
   * Escapes the data byte if necessary.
   * 
   * <p>
   * Before bytes can be written into the pdf Strings, they have to be escaped.
   * Special care has to be taken that escaped sequences are not split due to
   * line breaks. This could have fatal consequences and usually renders the
   * whole document invalid.
   * </p>
   * 
   * @param data
   *          The data byte to be escaped.
   * @return Returns a new byte array escaping the data byte. If the byte needs
   *         not to be escaped, this new array will contain only the original
   *         data byte.
   */
  public static byte[] escapeByte(byte data)
  {
    if (data == '\\')
    {
      return new byte[] { '\\', '\\' };
    }
    if (data == '(')
    {
      return new byte[] { '\\', '(' };
    }
    if (data == ')')
    {
      return new byte[] { '\\', ')' };
    }
    return new byte[] { data };
  }

  /**
   * Replaces the placeholder with the given String breaking lines with a given
   * tolerance.
   * 
   * @param pdf
   *          The PDF.
   * @param sis
   *          The list of StringInfo objects describing the positions where the
   *          String should be filled in.
   * @param replace_bytes
   *          The unescaped bytes to be filled in. Escaping is performed by this
   *          method.
   * @param tolerance
   *          The tolerance for line wrapping. The tolerance counts from the end
   *          of a StringInfo backwards to its start. If a word that starts
   *          within the tolerance doesn't fit, it is wrapped into the next
   *          line.
   * @throws PDFDocumentException
   *           Forwarded exception.
   */
  public static void replacePlaceholderWithTolerance(byte[] pdf, List sis,
      byte[] replace_bytes, int tolerance) throws PDFDocumentException
  {
    try
    {
      // String rep_str = new String(replace_bytes);

      SplitStrings ss = new SplitStrings(pdf, sis);

      int read_index = 0;
      while (read_index < replace_bytes.length)
      {
        if (!ss.isValidLine())
        {
          break;
        }

        byte[] token = readToken(replace_bytes, read_index);
        // String token_str = new String(token);
        byte[] escaped_token = escapeToken(token);

        if (ss.fits(escaped_token))
        {
          ss.write(escaped_token);
          read_index += token.length;
          continue;
        }
        else
        {
          if (ss.getAvailable() < tolerance)
          {
            ss.newline();
            continue;
          }
          else
          {
            // break the token
            for (; read_index < replace_bytes.length; read_index++)
            {
              byte data = replace_bytes[read_index];

              byte[] escaped_data = escapeByte(data);

              if (ss.fits(escaped_data))
              {
                ss.write(escaped_data);
              }
              else
              {
                ss.newline();
                break;
              }
            }
            continue;

          }
        }
      }
      ss.fillRest();

      if (read_index < replace_bytes.length)
      {
        logger_.error("The replace string was longer than the reserved placeholder.");
        throw new PlaceholderException(null, replace_bytes.length - read_index);
      }

    }
    catch (IOException e)
    {
      throw new PDFDocumentException(201, e);
    }

  }

  protected static byte[] readToken(byte[] bytes, int index)
  {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    for (; index < bytes.length; index++)
    {
      byte data = bytes[index];

      // byte [] escaped_data = escapeByte(data);
      baos.write(data);

      if (canBreakAfter(data))
      {
        break;
      }
    }

    return baos.toByteArray();
  }

  protected static byte[] escapeToken(byte[] token) throws IOException
  {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    for (int i = 0; i < token.length; i++)
    {
      byte[] escaped_data = escapeByte(token[i]);
      baos.write(escaped_data);
    }

    return baos.toByteArray();
  }
}