git-svn-id: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/svn/mocca/branches/mocca-1.2.11-sha2@602 8a26b1a7-26f0-462f-b9ef-d0e30c41f5a4

43 files changed, 6953 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF b/smcc/src/main/java/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e949512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Manifest-Version: 1.0

+Class-Path: 

+

diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ACOSCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ACOSCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b3b88ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ACOSCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.ModifyPINGUI;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.security.AlgorithmParameters;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
+import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
+import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.ISO7816Utils;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.SMCCHelper;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.TransparentFileInputStream;
+
+public class ACOSCard extends AbstractSignatureCard implements PINMgmtSignatureCard {
+
+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ACOSCard.class);
+
+  public static final byte[] AID_DEC = new byte[] { (byte) 0xA0, (byte) 0x00,
+      (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x4E };
+
+  public static final byte[] DF_DEC = new byte[] { (byte) 0xdf, (byte) 0x71 };
+
+  public static final byte[] AID_SIG = new byte[] { (byte) 0xA0, (byte) 0x00,
+      (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x43 };
+
+  public static final byte[] DF_SIG = new byte[] { (byte) 0xdf, (byte) 0x70 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_C_CH_EKEY = new byte[] { (byte) 0xc0,
+      (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final int EF_C_CH_EKEY_MAX_SIZE = 2000;
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_C_CH_DS = new byte[] { (byte) 0xc0, (byte) 0x02 };
+
+  public static final int EF_C_CH_DS_MAX_SIZE = 2000;
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_PK_CH_EKEY = new byte[] { (byte) 0xb0,
+      (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_INFOBOX = new byte[] { (byte) 0xc0, (byte) 0x02 };
+  
+  public static final byte[] EF_INFO = new byte[] { (byte) 0xd0, (byte) 0x02 };
+
+  public static final int EF_INFOBOX_MAX_SIZE = 1500;
+
+  public static final byte KID_PIN_SIG = (byte) 0x81;
+
+  public static final byte KID_PUK_SIG = (byte) 0x83;
+
+  public static final byte KID_PIN_DEC = (byte) 0x81;
+
+  public static final byte KID_PUK_DEC = (byte) 0x82;
+
+  public static final byte KID_PIN_INF = (byte) 0x83;
+
+  public static final byte KID_PUK_INF = (byte) 0x84;
+
+  public static final byte[] DST_SIG = new byte[] { (byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x01, // tag
+      // ,
+      // length
+      // (
+      // key
+      // ID
+      // )
+      (byte) 0x88, // SK.CH.SIGN
+      (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, // tag, length (algorithm ID)
+      (byte) 0x14 // ECDSA
+  };
+
+  public static final byte[] AT_DEC = new byte[] { (byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x01, // tag
+      // ,
+      // length
+      // (
+      // key
+      // ID
+      // )
+      (byte) 0x88, // SK.CH.EKEY
+      (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, // tag, length (algorithm ID)
+      (byte) 0x01 // RSA // TODO: Not verified yet
+  };
+
+  private static final PINSpec DEC_PIN_SPEC = new PINSpec(0, 8, "[0-9]",
+      "at/gv/egiz/smcc/ACOSCard", "dec.pin", KID_PIN_DEC, AID_DEC);
+
+  private static final PINSpec SIG_PIN_SPEC = new PINSpec(0, 8, "[0-9]",
+      "at/gv/egiz/smcc/ACOSCard", "sig.pin", KID_PIN_SIG, AID_SIG);
+
+  private static final PINSpec INF_PIN_SPEC = new PINSpec(0, 8, "[0-9]",
+      "at/gv/egiz/smcc/ACOSCard", "inf.pin", KID_PIN_INF, AID_DEC);
+  
+  static {
+    if (SignatureCardFactory.ENFORCE_RECOMMENDED_PIN_LENGTH) {
+      DEC_PIN_SPEC.setRecLength(4);
+      SIG_PIN_SPEC.setRecLength(6);
+      INF_PIN_SPEC.setRecLength(4);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * The version of the card's digital signature application.
+   */
+  protected int appVersion = -1;
+
+  public ACOSCard() {
+    super("at/gv/egiz/smcc/ACOSCard");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void init(Card card, CardTerminal cardTerminal) {
+    super.init(card, cardTerminal);
+
+    // determine application version
+    try {
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_SIG);
+      // SELECT file
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, EF_INFO);
+      // READ BINARY
+      TransparentFileInputStream is = ISO7816Utils.openTransparentFileInputStream(channel, 8);
+      appVersion = is.read();
+      log.info("a-sign premium application version = " + appVersion);
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      appVersion = 1;
+      log.info("a-sign premium application version = " + appVersion);
+    } catch (SignatureCardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      appVersion = 0;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      appVersion = 0;
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      appVersion = 0;
+    } 
+    
+    pinSpecs.add(DEC_PIN_SPEC);
+    pinSpecs.add(SIG_PIN_SPEC);
+    if (appVersion < 2) {
+      pinSpecs.add(INF_PIN_SPEC);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getCertificate(KeyboxName keyboxName)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    
+      byte[] aid;
+      byte[] fid;
+      if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR) {
+        aid = AID_SIG;
+        fid = EF_C_CH_DS;
+      } else if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR) {
+        aid = AID_DEC;
+        fid = EF_C_CH_EKEY;
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keybox " + keyboxName
+            + " not supported.");
+      }
+
+      try {
+        CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, aid);
+        // SELECT file
+        byte[] fcx = execSELECT_FID(channel, fid);
+        int maxSize = -1;
+        if (getAppVersion() < 2) {
+          maxSize = ISO7816Utils.getLengthFromFCx(fcx);
+          log.debug("Size of selected file = " + maxSize);
+        }
+        // READ BINARY
+        byte[] certificate = ISO7816Utils.readTransparentFileTLV(channel, maxSize, (byte) 0x30);
+        if (certificate == null) {
+          throw new NotActivatedException();
+        }
+        return certificate;
+      } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+        throw new NotActivatedException();
+      } catch (CardException e) {
+        log.info("Failed to get certificate.", e);
+        throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+      } 
+
+      
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getInfobox(String infobox, PINGUI provider, String domainId)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    
+    if ("IdentityLink".equals(infobox)) {
+      if (getAppVersion() < 2) {
+        return getIdentityLinkV1(provider, domainId);
+      } else {
+        return getIdentityLinkV2(provider, domainId);
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Infobox '" + infobox
+          + "' not supported.");
+    }
+  
+  }
+
+  protected byte[] getIdentityLinkV1(PINGUI provider, String domainId)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    
+    try {
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_DEC);
+      // SELECT file
+      byte[] fcx = execSELECT_FID(channel, EF_INFOBOX);
+      int maxSize = ISO7816Utils.getLengthFromFCx(fcx);
+      log.debug("Size of selected file = " + maxSize);
+      // READ BINARY
+      while(true) {
+        try {
+          return ISO7816Utils.readTransparentFileTLV(channel, maxSize, (byte) 0x30);
+        } catch (SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException e) {
+          verifyPINLoop(channel, INF_PIN_SPEC, provider);
+        }
+      }
+      
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Faild to get infobox.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] getIdentityLinkV2(PINGUI provider, String domainId)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    
+    try {
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_DEC);
+      // SELECT file
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, EF_INFOBOX);
+      
+      // READ BINARY
+      TransparentFileInputStream is = ISO7816Utils.openTransparentFileInputStream(channel, -1);
+      
+      int b = is.read();
+      if (b == 0x00) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (b != 0x41 || is.read() != 0x49 || is.read() != 0x4b) {
+        String msg = "Infobox structure invalid.";
+        log.info(msg);
+        throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+      }
+        
+      b = is.read();
+      if (b != 0x01) {
+        String msg = "Infobox structure v" + b + " not supported.";
+        log.info(msg);
+        throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+      }
+      
+      while ((b = is.read()) != 0x01 && b != 00) {
+        is.read(); // modifiers
+        is.skip(is.read() + (is.read() << 8)); // length
+      }
+      
+      if (b != 0x01) {
+        return null; 
+      }
+      
+      int modifiers = is.read();
+      int length = is.read() + (is.read() << 8);
+
+      byte[] bytes;
+      byte[] key = null;
+      
+      switch (modifiers) {
+      case 0x00:
+        bytes = new byte[length];
+        break;
+      case 0x01:
+        key = new byte[is.read() + (is.read() << 8)];
+        is.read(key);
+        bytes = new byte[length - key.length - 2];
+        break;
+      default:
+        String msg = "Compressed infobox structure not yet supported.";
+        log.info(msg);
+        throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+      }
+      
+      is.read(bytes);
+      
+      if (key == null) {
+        return bytes;
+      }
+
+      execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xb8, new byte[] {
+          (byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x88, (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01,
+          (byte) 0x02 });
+
+
+      byte[] plainKey = null;
+
+      while (true) {
+        try {
+          plainKey = execPSO_DECIPHER(channel, key);
+          break;
+        } catch(SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException e) {
+          verifyPINLoop(channel, DEC_PIN_SPEC, provider);
+        }
+      }
+      
+      try {
+        Cipher cipher = Cipher
+            .getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
+        byte[] iv = new byte[8];
+        Arrays.fill(iv, (byte) 0x00);
+        IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
+        AlgorithmParameters parameters = AlgorithmParameters
+            .getInstance("DESede");
+        parameters.init(ivParameterSpec);
+
+        DESedeKeySpec keySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(plainKey);
+        SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory
+            .getInstance("DESede");
+        SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
+
+        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, parameters);
+
+        return cipher.doFinal(bytes);
+
+      } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+        String msg = "Failed to decrypt infobox.";
+        log.info(msg, e);
+        throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+      }
+      
+      
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Faild to get infobox.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      if (e.getCause() instanceof SignatureCardException) {
+        throw (SignatureCardException) e.getCause();
+      } else {
+        throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+      }
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] createSignature(InputStream input, KeyboxName keyboxName,
+      PINGUI provider, String alg) throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+  
+    ByteArrayOutputStream dst = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    // key ID
+    dst.write(new byte[]{(byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x88});
+    // algorithm ID
+    dst.write(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01});
+    
+    MessageDigest md;
+    try {
+      if (KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)
+          && (alg == null || "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#ecdsa-sha1".equals(alg))) {
+        dst.write((byte) 0x14); // SHA-1/ECC
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
+      } else if (KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)
+          && (alg == null || "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1".equals(alg))) {
+        dst.write((byte) 0x12); // SHA-1 with padding according to PKCS#1 block type 01
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
+      } else if (KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)
+          && appVersion >= 2
+          && "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#ecdsa-sha256".equals(alg)) {
+        dst.write((byte) 0x44); // SHA-256/ECC
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA256");
+      } else if (KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)
+          && appVersion >= 2
+          && "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#rsa-sha256".equals(alg)) {
+        dst.write((byte) 0x41); // SHA-256 with padding according to PKCS#1
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA256");
+      } else {
+        throw new SignatureCardException("Card does not support signature algorithm " + alg + ".");
+      }
+    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+      log.error("Failed to get MessageDigest.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    
+    byte[] digest = new byte[md.getDigestLength()];
+    for (int l; (l = input.read(digest)) != -1;) {
+      md.update(digest, 0, l);
+    }
+    digest = md.digest();
+  
+    try {
+      
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+
+      if (KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)) {
+
+        PINSpec spec = SIG_PIN_SPEC;
+        
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_SIG);
+        // MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT : SET DST
+        execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xb6, dst.toByteArray());
+        // VERIFY
+        verifyPINLoop(channel, spec, provider);
+        // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : HASH
+        execPSO_HASH(channel, digest);
+        // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATRE
+        return execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(channel);
+    
+      } else if (KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)) {
+        
+        PINSpec spec = DEC_PIN_SPEC;
+
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_DEC);
+        // MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT : SET AT
+        execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xa4, AT_DEC);
+        
+        while (true) {
+          try {
+            // INTERNAL AUTHENTICATE
+            return execINTERNAL_AUTHENTICATE(channel, digest);
+          } catch (SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException e) {
+            verifyPINLoop(channel, spec, provider);
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("KeyboxName '" + keyboxName
+            + "' not supported.");
+      }
+      
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to access card.", e);
+    } 
+      
+  }
+  
+  public int getAppVersion() {
+    return appVersion;
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.AbstractSignatureCard#verifyPIN(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec, at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINProvider)
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void verifyPIN(PINSpec pinSpec, PINGUI pinProvider)
+      throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, CancelledException,
+      TimeoutException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+    
+    try {
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_AID(channel, pinSpec.getContextAID());
+      // VERIFY
+      verifyPINLoop(channel, pinSpec, pinProvider);
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to verify PIN.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to verify PIN.", e);
+    }
+
+  }
+  
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.AbstractSignatureCard#changePIN(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec, at.gv.egiz.smcc.ChangePINProvider)
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void changePIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI pinProvider)
+      throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, CancelledException,
+      TimeoutException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+    
+    try {
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_AID(channel, pinSpec.getContextAID());
+      // CHANGE REFERENCE DATA
+      changePINLoop(channel, pinSpec, pinProvider);
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to change PIN.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to change PIN.", e);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void activatePIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI pinGUI)
+      throws CancelledException, SignatureCardException, CancelledException,
+      TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
+    log.error("ACTIVATE PIN not supported by ACOS");
+    throw new SignatureCardException("PIN activation not supported by this card.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void unblockPIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI pinGUI)
+      throws CancelledException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    throw new SignatureCardException("Unblock PIN not supported.");
+  }
+  
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINMgmtSignatureCard#getPINSpecs()
+   */
+  @Override
+  public List<PINSpec> getPINSpecs() {
+    if (getAppVersion() < 2) {
+      return Arrays.asList(new PINSpec[] {DEC_PIN_SPEC, SIG_PIN_SPEC, INF_PIN_SPEC});
+    } else {
+      return Arrays.asList(new PINSpec[] {DEC_PIN_SPEC, SIG_PIN_SPEC});
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINMgmtSignatureCard#getPINStatus(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec)
+   */
+  @Override
+  public PIN_STATE getPINState(PINSpec pinSpec) throws SignatureCardException {
+    return PIN_STATE.UNKNOWN;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "a-sign premium (version " + getAppVersion() + ")";
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // PROTECTED METHODS (assume exclusive card access)
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  protected void verifyPINLoop(CardChannel channel, PINSpec spec, PINGUI provider)
+      throws InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    int retries = -1;
+    do {
+      retries = verifyPIN(channel, spec, provider, retries);
+    } while (retries > 0);
+  }
+
+  protected void changePINLoop(CardChannel channel, PINSpec spec, ModifyPINGUI provider)
+      throws InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException {
+
+    int retries = -1;
+    do {
+      retries = changePIN(channel, spec, provider, retries);
+    } while (retries > 0);
+  }
+
+  protected int verifyPIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      PINGUI provider, int retries) throws InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec = new VerifyAPDUSpec(
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x08,
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 }, 
+        0, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_ASCII, 8);
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = reader.verify(channel, apduSpec, provider, pinSpec, retries);
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (resp.getSW() >> 4 == 0x63c) {
+      return 0x0f & resp.getSW();
+    }
+
+    switch (resp.getSW()) {
+    case 0x6983:
+      // authentication method blocked
+      throw new LockedException();
+  
+    default:
+      String msg = "VERIFY failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()); 
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  protected int changePIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      ModifyPINGUI pinProvider, int retries) throws CancelledException, InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException {
+
+    ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec = new ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec(
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x24, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x10,  
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,       
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,       
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,       
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00        
+        }, 
+        0, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_ASCII, 8);
+    
+    
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = reader.modify(channel, apduSpec, pinProvider, pinSpec, retries);
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (resp.getSW() >> 4 == 0x63c) {
+      return 0x0f & resp.getSW();
+    }
+    
+    switch (resp.getSW()) {
+    case 0x6983:
+      // authentication method blocked
+      throw new LockedException();
+  
+    default:
+      String msg = "CHANGE REFERENCE DATA failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()); 
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  protected byte[] execSELECT_AID(CardChannel channel, byte[] aid)
+      throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x04, 0x00, aid, 256));
+
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6A82) {
+      String msg = "File or application not found AID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(aid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(msg);
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      String msg = "Failed to select application AID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(aid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } else {
+      return resp.getBytes();
+    }
+
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] execSELECT_FID(CardChannel channel, byte[] fid)
+      throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x00, fid, 256));
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6A82) {
+      String msg = "File or application not found FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(msg);
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      String msg = "Failed to select application FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } else {
+      return resp.getBytes();
+    }
+
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected void execMSE(CardChannel channel, int p1,
+      int p2, byte[] data) throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x22, p1, p2, data));
+
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      String msg = "MSE failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW());
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } 
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] execPSO_DECIPHER(CardChannel channel, byte [] cipher) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    byte[] data = new byte[cipher.length + 1];
+    data[0] = 0x00;
+    System.arraycopy(cipher, 0, data, 1, cipher.length);
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x80, 0x86, data, 256));
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6982) {
+      throw new SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException(
+          "PSO - DECIPHER failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    }
+    
+    return resp.getData();
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected void execPSO_HASH(CardChannel channel, byte[] hash) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x81, hash));
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("PSO - HASH failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(CardChannel channel) throws CardException,
+      SignatureCardException {
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x9E, 0x9A, 256));
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6982) {
+      throw new SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException();
+    }
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException(
+          "PSO - COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATRE failed: SW="
+              + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    } else {
+      return resp.getData();
+    }
+
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] execINTERNAL_AUTHENTICATE(CardChannel channel, byte[] hash) throws CardException,
+      SignatureCardException {
+
+    byte[] digestInfo = new byte[] { (byte) 0x30, (byte) 0x21, (byte) 0x30,
+        (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x2B, (byte) 0x0E,
+        (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x1A, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x00,
+        (byte) 0x04 };
+    
+    byte[] data = new byte[digestInfo.length + hash.length + 1];
+    
+    System.arraycopy(digestInfo, 0, data, 0, digestInfo.length);
+    data[digestInfo.length] = (byte) hash.length;
+    System.arraycopy(hash, 0, data, digestInfo.length + 1, hash.length);
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x88, 0x10, 0x00, data, 256));
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6982) {
+      throw new SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6983) {
+      throw new LockedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("INTERNAL AUTHENTICATE failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    } else {
+      return resp.getData();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/AbstractSignatureCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/AbstractSignatureCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcb94fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/AbstractSignatureCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.reader.CardReader;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.reader.ReaderFactory;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+public abstract class AbstractSignatureCard implements SignatureCard {
+
+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(AbstractSignatureCard.class);
+
+  protected List<PINSpec> pinSpecs = new ArrayList<PINSpec>();
+
+  private ResourceBundle i18n;
+  private String resourceBundleName;
+
+  private Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
+
+  private Card card_;
+  
+  protected CardReader reader;
+
+  protected AbstractSignatureCard(String resourceBundleName) {
+    this.resourceBundleName = resourceBundleName;
+  }
+
+  protected String toString(byte[] b) {
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    if (b != null && b.length > 0) {
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[0] & 240) >> 4));
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[0] & 15));
+    }
+    for (int i = 1; i < b.length; i++) {
+      sb.append(':');
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[i] & 240) >> 4));
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 15));
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void init(Card card, CardTerminal cardTerminal) {
+    this.card_ = card;
+    this.reader = ReaderFactory.getReader(card, cardTerminal);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Card getCard() {
+    return card_;
+  }
+
+  protected CardChannel getCardChannel() {
+    return new LogCardChannel(card_.getBasicChannel());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setLocale(Locale locale) {
+    if (locale == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException("Locale must not be set to null");
+    }
+    this.locale = locale;
+  }
+
+  protected ResourceBundle getResourceBundle() {
+    if (i18n == null) {
+      i18n = ResourceBundle.getBundle(resourceBundleName, locale);
+    }
+    return i18n;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void disconnect(boolean reset) {
+    log.debug("Disconnect called");
+    if (card_ != null) {
+      try {
+        card_.disconnect(reset);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        log.info("Error while resetting card", e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void reset() throws SignatureCardException {
+    try {
+      log.debug("Disconnect and reset smart card.");
+      card_.disconnect(true);
+      log.debug("Reconnect smart card.");
+      card_ = reader.connect();
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to reset card.", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/BELPICCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/BELPICCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41358bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/BELPICCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.ISO7816Utils;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.SMCCHelper;
+
+public class BELPICCard extends AbstractSignatureCard implements SignatureCard {
+  
+    /**
+     * Logging facility.
+     */
+    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(BELPICCard.class);
+
+    public static final byte[] MF = new byte[] { (byte) 0x3F, (byte) 0x00 };
+
+    public static final byte[] DF_BELPIC = new byte[] { (byte) 0xDF,
+            (byte) 0x00 };
+
+    public static final byte[] DF_ID = new byte[] { (byte) 0xDF, (byte) 0x01 };
+
+    public static final byte[] SIGN_CERT = new byte[] { (byte) 0x50,
+            (byte) 0x39 };
+
+//    public static final byte MSE_SET_ALGO_REF = (byte) 0x02;
+
+//    public static final byte MSE_SET_PRIV_KEY_REF = (byte) 0x83;
+
+    public static final int SIGNATURE_LENGTH = (int) 0x80;
+
+    public static final byte KID = (byte) 0x01;
+
+    public static final int READ_BUFFER_LENGTH = 256;
+
+    public static final int PINSPEC_SS = 0;
+    
+  private static final PINSpec SS_PIN_SPEC = 
+    new PINSpec(4, 12, "[0-9]",
+      "at/gv/egiz/smcc/BELPICCard", "sig.pin", KID, DF_BELPIC);
+    
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance.
+   */
+  public BELPICCard() {
+    super("at/gv/egiz/smcc/BelpicCard");
+    pinSpecs.add(SS_PIN_SPEC);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getCertificate(KeyboxName keyboxName)
+      throws SignatureCardException {
+
+    if (keyboxName != KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keybox " + keyboxName
+          + " not supported");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      // SELECT MF
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, MF);
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, DF_BELPIC);
+      // SELECT file
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, SIGN_CERT);
+      // READ BINARY
+      byte[] certificate = ISO7816Utils.readTransparentFileTLV(channel, -1, (byte) 0x30);
+      if (certificate == null) {
+        throw new NotActivatedException();
+      }
+      return certificate;
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to get certificate.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getInfobox(String infobox, PINGUI provider, String domainId)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+      
+    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Infobox '" + infobox
+        + "' not supported.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] createSignature(InputStream input, KeyboxName keyboxName,
+      PINGUI provider, String alg) throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+    
+    if (KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR != keyboxName) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Card does not support key " + keyboxName + ".");
+    }
+    if (!"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1".equals(alg)) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Card does not support algorithm " + alg + ".");
+    }
+    
+    byte[] dst = new byte[] { (byte) 0x04, // number of following
+        // bytes
+        (byte) 0x80, // tag for algorithm reference
+        (byte) 0x02, // algorithm reference
+        (byte) 0x84, // tag for private key reference
+        (byte) 0x83 // private key reference
+    };
+    
+    MessageDigest md;
+    try {
+      md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
+    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+      log.error("Failed to get MessageDigest.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    // calculate message digest
+    byte[] digest = new byte[md.getDigestLength()];
+    for (int l; (l = input.read(digest)) != -1;) {
+      md.update(digest, 0, l);
+    }
+    digest = md.digest();
+
+    try {
+      
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+
+      // SELECT MF
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, MF);
+      // VERIFY
+      execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xb6, dst);
+      // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATURE
+      verifyPINLoop(channel, SS_PIN_SPEC, provider);
+      // MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT : SET DST
+      return execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(channel, digest);
+
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to access card.", e);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public String toString() {
+    return "Belpic Card";
+  }
+  
+  protected void verifyPINLoop(CardChannel channel, PINSpec spec,
+      PINGUI provider) throws LockedException, NotActivatedException,
+      SignatureCardException, InterruptedException, CardException {
+    
+    int retries = -1; //verifyPIN(channel, spec, null, -1);
+    do {
+      retries = verifyPIN(channel, spec, provider, retries);
+    } while (retries > 0);
+  }
+
+  protected int verifyPIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      PINGUI provider, int retries) throws SignatureCardException,
+      LockedException, NotActivatedException, InterruptedException,
+      CardException {
+    
+    VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec = new VerifyAPDUSpec(
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x08,
+            (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff }, 
+        1, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BCD, 7, 4, 4);
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = reader.verify(channel, apduSpec, provider, pinSpec, retries);
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (resp.getSW() >> 4 == 0x63c) {
+      return 0x0f & resp.getSW();
+    }
+    
+    switch (resp.getSW()) {
+    case 0x6983:
+      // authentication method blocked
+      throw new LockedException();
+    case 0x6984:
+      // reference data not usable
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    case 0x6985:
+      // conditions of use not satisfied
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+  
+    default:
+      String msg = "VERIFY failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()); 
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] execSELECT_FID(CardChannel channel, byte[] fid)
+      throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x02, 0x0C, fid, 256));
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6A82) {
+      String msg = "File or application not found FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(msg);
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      String msg = "Failed to select application FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } else {
+      return resp.getBytes();
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected void execMSE(CardChannel channel, int p1, int p2, byte[] data)
+      throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x22, p1, p2, data, 256));
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("MSE:SET failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected byte[] execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(CardChannel channel, byte[] hash)
+      throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    ResponseAPDU resp;
+    resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x9E, 0x9A, hash, 256));
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6982) {
+      throw new SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6983) {
+      throw new LockedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException(
+          "PSO: COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATRE failed: SW="
+              + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    } else {
+      return resp.getData();
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+    
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/CancelledException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/CancelledException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..347d74c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/CancelledException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;

+

+public class CancelledException extends SignatureCardException {

+

+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

+

+  public CancelledException() {

+    super();

+  }

+

+  public CancelledException(String message, Throwable cause) {

+    super(message, cause);

+  }

+

+  public CancelledException(String message) {

+    super(message);

+  }

+

+  public CancelledException(Throwable cause) {

+    super(cause);

+  }

+

+}

diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/CardNotSupportedException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/CardNotSupportedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1cde093d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/CardNotSupportedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class CardNotSupportedException extends Exception {
+
+  /**
+   * 
+   */
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>CardNotSupportedException</code>.
+   * 
+   */
+  public CardNotSupportedException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>CardNotSupportedException</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param message
+   * @param cause
+   */
+  public CardNotSupportedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>CardNotSupportedException</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param message
+   */
+  public CardNotSupportedException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>CardNotSupportedException</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param cause
+   */
+  public CardNotSupportedException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b10d88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec.java
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec extends VerifyAPDUSpec {
+  
+  /**
+   * The offset for the insertion of the old PIN. (Default: 0)
+   */
+  protected int pinInsertionOffsetOld = 0;
+  
+  /**
+   * The offset for the insertion of the new PIN. (Default:
+   * {@link VerifyAPDUSpec#pinLength} + 1})
+   */
+  protected int pinInsertionOffsetNew = pinLength;
+
+  public ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pinPosition, int pinFormat, int pinLength) {
+    super(apdu, pinPosition, pinFormat, pinLength);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param apdu
+   * @param pinPosition
+   * @param pinFormat
+   * @param pinLength
+   * @param pinLengthSize
+   * @param pinLengthPos
+   */
+  public ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pinPosition,
+      int pinFormat, int pinLength, int pinLengthSize, int pinLengthPos) {
+    super(apdu, pinPosition, pinFormat, pinLength, pinLengthSize, pinLengthPos);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * @param apdu
+   * @param pinPosition
+   * @param pinFormat
+   * @param pinLength
+   * @param pinLengthSize
+   * @param pinLengthPos
+   * @param pinInsertionOffsetNew
+   */
+  public ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pinPosition,
+      int pinFormat, int pinLength, int pinLengthSize, int pinLengthPos,
+      int pinInsertionOffsetNew) {
+    super(apdu, pinPosition, pinFormat, pinLength, pinLengthSize, pinLengthPos);
+    this.pinInsertionOffsetNew = pinInsertionOffsetNew;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinInsertionOffsetOld
+   */
+  public int getPinInsertionOffsetOld() {
+    return pinInsertionOffsetOld;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinInsertionOffsetOld the pinInsertionOffsetOld to set
+   */
+  public void setPinInsertionOffsetOld(int pinInsertionOffsetOld) {
+    this.pinInsertionOffsetOld = pinInsertionOffsetOld;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinInsertionOffsetNew
+   */
+  public int getPinInsertionOffsetNew() {
+    return pinInsertionOffsetNew;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinInsertionOffsetNew the pinInsertionOffsetNew to set
+   */
+  public void setPinInsertionOffsetNew(int pinInsertionOffsetNew) {
+    this.pinInsertionOffsetNew = pinInsertionOffsetNew;
+  }
+
+  
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ExclSignatureCardProxy.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ExclSignatureCardProxy.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bfbd0063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ExclSignatureCardProxy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+public class ExclSignatureCardProxy implements InvocationHandler {
+  
+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ExclSignatureCardProxy.class);
+
+  private static final Method init;
+  
+  static {
+    try {
+      init = SignatureCard.class.getMethod("init", new Class<?>[] { Card.class,
+          CardTerminal.class });
+    } catch (SecurityException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  private SignatureCard signatureCard;
+  
+  public ExclSignatureCardProxy(SignatureCard signatureCard) {
+    this.signatureCard = signatureCard;
+  }
+
+  public static SignatureCard newInstance(SignatureCard signatureCard) {
+    ArrayList<Class<?>> proxyInterfaces = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
+    proxyInterfaces.add(SignatureCard.class);
+    if (PINMgmtSignatureCard.class.isAssignableFrom(signatureCard.getClass())) {
+      proxyInterfaces.add(PINMgmtSignatureCard.class);
+    }
+    ClassLoader loader = signatureCard.getClass().getClassLoader();
+    return (SignatureCard) Proxy.newProxyInstance(loader, proxyInterfaces
+        .toArray(new Class[proxyInterfaces.size()]),
+        new ExclSignatureCardProxy(signatureCard));
+  }
+  
+  public static PINMgmtSignatureCard newInstance(PINMgmtSignatureCard signatureCard) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
+      throws Throwable {
+
+    Card card = null;
+    
+    Method target = signatureCard.getClass().getMethod(method.getName(),
+        method.getParameterTypes());
+    
+    if (target.isAnnotationPresent(Exclusive.class)) {
+      card = (Card) ((method.equals(init)) 
+        ? args[0]
+        : signatureCard.getCard());
+    }
+    
+    if (card != null) {
+      try {
+        log.trace("Invoking method " + method.getName() + "() with exclusive access.");
+        card.beginExclusive();
+      } catch (CardException e) {
+        log.info("Failed to get exclusive access to signature card "
+            + signatureCard.toString() + ".");
+        throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+      }
+    }
+      
+    try {
+      return method.invoke(signatureCard, args);
+    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+      throw e.getTargetException();
+    } finally {
+      if (card != null) {
+        card.endExclusive();
+      }
+    }
+    
+  
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/Exclusive.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/Exclusive.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b796b045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/Exclusive.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
+public @interface Exclusive {
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/FileNotFoundException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/FileNotFoundException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f96611c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/FileNotFoundException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class FileNotFoundException extends SignatureCardException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public FileNotFoundException() {
+  }
+
+  public FileNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  public FileNotFoundException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public FileNotFoundException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ITCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ITCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64389190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ITCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.ISO7816Utils;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.SMCCHelper;
+
+public class ITCard extends AbstractSignatureCard {
+  
+  /**
+   * Logging facility.
+   */
+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(STARCOSCard.class);
+  
+  public static final byte[] MF = new byte[] { (byte) 0x3F, (byte) 0x00 };
+  
+  public static final byte[] DF1 = new byte[] { (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00 };
+  
+  public static final byte[] EF_C_Carta = new byte[] { (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x01 };
+  
+  private static final PINSpec SS_PIN_SPEC = 
+    new PINSpec(5, 8, "[0-9]", 
+        "at/gv/egiz/smcc/ITCard", "sig.pin", (byte) 0x10, 
+        new byte[] { (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00 });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance.
+   */
+  public ITCard() {
+    super("at/gv/egiz/smcc/ITCard");
+    pinSpecs.add(SS_PIN_SPEC);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getCertificate(KeyboxName keyboxName)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+
+    if (keyboxName != KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keybox " + keyboxName
+          + " not supported");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      // SELECT MF
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, MF);
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, DF1);
+      // SELECT EF_C_Carta
+      byte[] fcx = execSELECT_FID(channel, EF_C_Carta);
+      int maxsize = ISO7816Utils.getLengthFromFCx(fcx);
+      // READ BINARY
+      byte[] certificate = ISO7816Utils.readTransparentFileTLV(channel, maxsize, (byte) 0x30);
+      if (certificate == null) {
+        throw new NotActivatedException();
+      }
+      return certificate;
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to get certificate.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getInfobox(String infobox, PINGUI provider, String domainId)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+      
+    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Infobox '" + infobox
+        + "' not supported.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] createSignature(InputStream input, KeyboxName keyboxName,
+      PINGUI provider, String alg) throws SignatureCardException,
+      InterruptedException, IOException {
+
+    if (KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR != keyboxName) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Card does not support key " + keyboxName + ".");
+    }
+    if (!"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1".equals(alg)) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Card does not support algorithm " + alg + ".");
+    }
+
+    byte[] dst = new byte[] {
+        (byte) 0x83, // tag for algorithm reference
+        (byte) 0x01, // algorithm reference
+        (byte) 0x01  // private key reference
+    };
+    
+    MessageDigest md;
+    try {
+      md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
+    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+      log.error("Failed to get MessageDigest.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    // calculate message digest
+    byte[] digest = new byte[md.getDigestLength()];
+    for (int l; (l = input.read(digest)) != -1;) {
+      md.update(digest, 0, l);
+    }
+    digest = md.digest();
+
+    try {
+      
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+
+      // SELECT MF
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, MF);
+      // VERIFY
+      verifyPINLoop(channel, SS_PIN_SPEC, provider);
+      // MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT : RESTORE SE
+      execMSE(channel, 0xF3, 0x03, null);
+      // MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT : SET DST
+      execMSE(channel, 0xF1, 0xB8, dst);
+      // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATURE
+      return execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(channel, digest);
+
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to access card.", e);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  protected void verifyPINLoop(CardChannel channel, PINSpec spec,
+      PINGUI provider) throws LockedException, NotActivatedException,
+      SignatureCardException, InterruptedException, CardException {
+    
+    int retries = -1;
+    do {
+      retries = verifyPIN(channel, spec, provider, retries);
+    } while (retries >= -1);
+  }
+
+  protected int verifyPIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      PINGUI provider, int retries) throws SignatureCardException,
+      LockedException, NotActivatedException, InterruptedException,
+      CardException {
+    
+    VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec = new VerifyAPDUSpec(
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x08,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff }, 
+        0, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_ASCII, 8);
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = reader.verify(channel, apduSpec, provider, pinSpec, retries);
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -2;
+    }
+    if (resp.getSW() >> 4 == 0x63c) {
+      return 0x0f & resp.getSW();
+    }
+    
+    switch (resp.getSW()) {
+    case 0x6300:
+      // incorrect PIN, number of retries not provided
+      return -1;
+    case 0x6983:
+      // authentication method blocked
+      throw new LockedException();
+    case 0x6984:
+      // reference data not usable
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    case 0x6985:
+      // conditions of use not satisfied
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+  
+    default:
+      String msg = "VERIFY failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()); 
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  protected byte[] execSELECT_FID(CardChannel channel, byte[] fid)
+      throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x00, fid, 256));
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6A82) {
+      String msg = "File or application not found FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(msg);
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      String msg = "Failed to select application FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } else {
+      return resp.getBytes();
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected void execMSE(CardChannel channel, int p1, int p2, byte[] data)
+      throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp;
+    if (data == null) {
+      resp = channel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x22, p1, p2));
+    } else {
+      resp = channel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x22, p1, p2, data));
+    }
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("MSE:SET failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected byte[] execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(CardChannel channel,
+      byte[] hash) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    byte[] oid = new byte[] { (byte) 0x30, (byte) 0x21, (byte) 0x30,
+        (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x2b,
+        (byte) 0x0e, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x1a,
+        (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x14 };
+    
+    ByteArrayOutputStream data = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    
+    try {
+      // header
+      data.write(new byte[] { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01 });
+      // padding
+      for (int i = 0, len = 125 - hash.length - oid.length; i < len; i++) {
+        data.write((byte) 0xFF);
+      }
+      data.write((byte) 0x00);
+      // oid
+      data.write(oid);
+      // hash
+      data.write(hash);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel
+          .transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x80, 0x86, data.toByteArray(), 0x81));
+
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6982) {
+      throw new SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6983) {
+      throw new LockedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException(
+          "PSO: COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATRE failed: SW="
+              + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    } else {
+      return resp.getData();
+    }
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/LockedException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/LockedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e00322a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/LockedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class LockedException extends SignatureCardException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public LockedException() {
+  }
+
+  public LockedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  public LockedException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public LockedException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/LogCardChannel.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/LogCardChannel.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3fc80fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/LogCardChannel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+public class LogCardChannel extends CardChannel {
+  
+  protected static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(LogCardChannel.class);
+  
+  private CardChannel channel;
+  
+  public LogCardChannel(CardChannel channel) {
+    if (channel == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException();
+    }
+    this.channel = channel;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void close() throws CardException {
+    channel.close();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Card getCard() {
+    return channel.getCard();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getChannelNumber() {
+    return channel.getChannelNumber();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU transmit(CommandAPDU command) throws CardException {
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      switch (command.getINS()) {
+      case 0x20:    // VERIFY
+      case 0x21:    // VERIFY
+      case 0x24: {  // CHANGE REFERENCE DATA 
+        // Don't log possibly sensitive command data 
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append(command);
+        sb.append('\n');
+        byte[] c = new byte[4];
+        c[0] = (byte) command.getCLA();
+        c[1] = (byte) command.getINS();
+        c[2] = (byte) command.getP1();
+        c[3] = (byte) command.getP2();
+        sb.append(toString(c));
+        if (command.getNc() > 0) {
+          sb.append(':');
+          sb.append(toString(new byte[] {(byte) command.getNc()}));
+          for (int i = 0; i < command.getNc(); i++) {
+            sb.append(":XX");
+          }
+        }
+        if (command.getNe() > 0) {
+          sb.append(':');
+          sb.append(toString(new byte[] {(byte) command.getNe()}));
+        }
+        log.trace(sb.toString());
+      }; break;
+
+      default:
+        log.trace(command + "\n" + toString(command.getBytes()));
+      }
+      long t0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      ResponseAPDU response = channel.transmit(command);
+      long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      log.trace(response + " [" + (t1 - t0) + "ms]\n" + toString(response.getBytes()));
+      return response;
+    } else {
+      return channel.transmit(command);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int transmit(ByteBuffer command, ByteBuffer response) throws CardException {
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      long t0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      int l = channel.transmit(command, response);
+      long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      log.trace("[" + (t1 - t0) + "ms]");
+      return l;
+    } else {
+      return channel.transmit(command, response);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String toString(byte[] b) {
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    if (b != null && b.length > 0) {
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[0] & 240) >> 4));
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[0] & 15));
+    }
+    for (int i = 1; i < b.length; i++) {
+      sb.append(':');
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[i] & 240) >> 4));
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 15));
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2eadaf26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec extends VerifyAPDUSpec {
+  
+  /**
+   * The offset for the insertion of the new PIN. (Default:
+   * {@link VerifyAPDUSpec#pinLength} + 1})
+   */
+  protected int pinInsertionOffsetNew = 0;
+
+  public NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pinPosition, int pinFormat, int pinLength) {
+    super(apdu, pinPosition, pinFormat, pinLength);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param apdu
+   * @param pinPosition
+   * @param pinFormat
+   * @param pinLength
+   * @param pinLengthSize
+   * @param pinLengthPos
+   */
+  public NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pinPosition,
+      int pinFormat, int pinLength, int pinLengthSize, int pinLengthPos) {
+    super(apdu, pinPosition, pinFormat, pinLength, pinLengthSize, pinLengthPos);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinInsertionOffsetNew
+   */
+  public int getPinInsertionOffsetNew() {
+    return pinInsertionOffsetNew;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinInsertionOffsetNew the pinInsertionOffsetNew to set
+   */
+  public void setPinInsertionOffsetNew(int pinInsertionOffsetNew) {
+    this.pinInsertionOffsetNew = pinInsertionOffsetNew;
+  }
+
+  
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/NotActivatedException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/NotActivatedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9181fc5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/NotActivatedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+/**
+ * This exception is thrown upon a call to a function that
+ * has not been activated (e.g. not yet activated citizen card). 
+ */
+public class NotActivatedException extends SignatureCardException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public NotActivatedException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  public NotActivatedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  public NotActivatedException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public NotActivatedException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINConfirmationException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINConfirmationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24dfa53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINConfirmationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+/**
+ * TODO check whether card readers distinguish specific reason (pin too short?)
+ * and add getters/setters
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public class PINConfirmationException extends SignatureCardException {
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINFormatException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINFormatException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..721c63e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINFormatException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+/**
+ * TODO check whether card readers distinguish specific reason (pin too short?)
+ * and add getters/setters
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public class PINFormatException extends SignatureCardException {
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINMgmtSignatureCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINMgmtSignatureCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5091c10f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINMgmtSignatureCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.ModifyPINGUI;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public interface PINMgmtSignatureCard extends SignatureCard {
+
+  public enum PIN_STATE {UNKNOWN, ACTIV, NOT_ACTIV, BLOCKED};
+  
+  public List<PINSpec> getPINSpecs();
+
+  public PIN_STATE getPINState(PINSpec pinSpec) throws SignatureCardException;
+  
+  public void verifyPIN(PINSpec pinSpec, PINGUI pinGUI)
+  throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, CancelledException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException;
+
+  public void changePIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI changePINGUI)
+  throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, CancelledException, PINFormatException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException;
+
+  public void activatePIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI activatePINGUI)
+  throws CancelledException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException;
+
+  public void unblockPIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI pukGUI)
+  throws CancelledException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException;
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINOperationAbortedException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINOperationAbortedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51e4904e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINOperationAbortedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+/**
+ * TODO check whether card readers distinguish specific reason (pin too short?)
+ * and add getters/setters
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public class PINOperationAbortedException extends SignatureCardException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public PINOperationAbortedException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  public PINOperationAbortedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  public PINOperationAbortedException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public PINOperationAbortedException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINSpec.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINSpec.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f68edbed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/PINSpec.java
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.MissingResourceException;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author mcentner
+ */
+public class PINSpec {
+
+  /**
+   * The minimum PIN length.
+   */
+  protected int minLength = 0;
+    
+  /**
+   * The maximum PIN length or -1 if not specified.
+   */
+  protected int maxLength = -1;
+    
+  /**
+   * The recommended PIN length or -1 if not specified.
+   */
+  protected int recLength = -1;
+  
+  /**
+   * The regular expression pattern of a single PIN digit or character.
+   */
+  protected String rexepPattern;
+  
+  /**
+   * The name of the corresponding resource bundle.
+   */
+  protected String resourceBundleName;
+   
+  /**
+   * The key of the PIN name in the resource bundle.
+   */
+  protected String nameKey;
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the PIN.
+   */
+  protected String name;
+  
+  /**
+   * The key id to be used in VERIFY or CHANGE REFERENCE DATA APDUs.
+   */
+  protected byte kid;
+
+  /**
+   * The context AID of the key id.
+   */
+  protected byte[] context_aid;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this PINSpec with the given lengths, regular
+   * expression pattern, the ResourceBundle name and key to lookup the PIN name
+   * and the KID and AID.
+   * 
+   * @param minLenght the minimum length of the PIN
+   * @param maxLength the maximum length of the PIN, or -1 if there is no maximum length
+   * @param rexepPattern the regular expression pattern of a single PIN digit or character
+   * @param resourceBundleName the name of a ResourceBundle for this PIN
+   * @param resourceKey the key to look up the (localized) name of this PIN
+   * @param kid the key id of the PIN
+   * @param contextAID the AID the KID is valid in
+   */
+  public PINSpec(int minLenght, int maxLength, String rexepPattern,
+      String resourceBundleName, String resourceKey, byte kid, byte[] contextAID) {
+
+    this.minLength = minLenght;
+    this.maxLength = maxLength;
+    this.rexepPattern = rexepPattern;
+    this.resourceBundleName = resourceBundleName;
+    this.nameKey = resourceKey + ".name";
+    this.kid = kid;
+    this.context_aid = contextAID;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this PINSpec with the given lengths, regular 
+   * expression pattern, the name of the PIN and the KID and AID.
+   * 
+   * @param minLenght the minimum length of the PIN
+   * @param maxLength the maximum length of the PIN, or -1 if there is no maximum length
+   * @param rexepPattern the regular expression pattern of a single PIN digit or character
+   * @param name the name of the PIN
+   * @param kid the key id of the PIN
+   * @param contextAID the AID the KID is valid in
+   */
+  public PINSpec(int minLenght, int maxLength, String rexepPattern,
+      String name, byte kid, byte[] contextAID) {
+
+    this.minLength = minLenght;
+    this.maxLength = maxLength;
+    this.rexepPattern = rexepPattern;
+    this.name = name;
+    this.kid = kid;
+    this.context_aid = contextAID;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method sets the recommended PIN length.
+   * 
+   * @param recLength the recommended PIN length
+   */
+  public void setRecLength(int recLength) {
+    this.recLength = recLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the localized (using the default locale) name of the PIN, or the
+   *         name set by
+   *         {@link #PINSpec(int, int, String, String, byte, byte[])}.
+   */
+  public String getLocalizedName() {
+    if (name != null) {
+      return name;
+    } else if (resourceBundleName != null){
+      try {
+        return ResourceBundle.getBundle(resourceBundleName).getString(nameKey);
+      } catch (MissingResourceException e) {
+      }
+    }
+    return nameKey;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param locale the locale for which the name should be returned
+   * @return the localized name of the PIN, or the name set by
+   *         {@link #PINSpec(int, int, String, String, byte, byte[])}
+   */
+  public String getLocalizedName(Locale locale) {
+    if (name != null) {
+      return name;
+    } else if (resourceBundleName != null) {
+      try {
+        return ResourceBundle.getBundle(resourceBundleName, locale).getString(nameKey);
+      } catch (MissingResourceException e) {
+      }
+    }
+    return nameKey;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the recommended PIN length if specified and
+   *         <code>recommended</code> is <code>true</code>, or
+   *         <code>minLength</code>-<code>maxLength</code>
+   */
+  public String getLocalizedLength() {
+    
+    if (recLength > 0) {
+      return "" + recLength;
+    } else if (maxLength == minLength) {
+      return "" + minLength;
+    } else if (maxLength > minLength) {
+      return minLength + "-" + maxLength;
+    } else {
+      return minLength + "+";
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the minimum length of the PIN
+   */
+  public int getMinLength() {
+    return minLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the maximum length of the PIN, or -1 if not specified.
+   */
+  public int getMaxLength() {
+    return maxLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the minimum length of the PIN
+   */
+  public int getRecMinLength() {
+    return (recLength >= minLength) ? recLength : minLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the maximum length of the PIN
+   */
+  public int getRecMaxLength() {
+    return (recLength >= minLength) ? recLength : maxLength;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * @return the recommended length of the PIN, or -1 if not specified
+   */
+  public int getRecLength() {
+    return recLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the regular expression pattern of one single digit or character
+   */
+  public String getRexepPattern() {
+    return rexepPattern;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the key id of the PIN
+   */
+  public byte getKID() {
+    return kid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the AID the KID is valid in, or <code>null</code> if KID is global
+   */
+  public byte[] getContextAID() {
+    return context_aid;
+  }
+    
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e71eb7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec extends ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec {
+
+  /**
+   * @param apdu
+   * @param pukPosition
+   * @param pukFormat
+   * @param pukLength
+   * @param pukLengthSize
+   * @param pukLengthPos
+   * @param pinInsertionOffsetNew
+   */
+  public ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pukPosition,
+      int pukFormat, int pukLength, int pukLengthSize, int pukLengthPos,
+      int pinInsertionOffsetNew) {
+    super(apdu, pukPosition, pukFormat, pukLength, pukLengthSize, pukLengthPos);
+    this.pinInsertionOffsetNew = pinInsertionOffsetNew;
+  }
+
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/STARCOSCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/STARCOSCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b876847f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/STARCOSCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,888 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.ModifyPINGUI;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.ISO7816Utils;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.SMCCHelper;
+
+public class STARCOSCard extends AbstractSignatureCard implements PINMgmtSignatureCard {
+
+  /**
+   * Logging facility.
+   */
+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(STARCOSCard.class);
+
+  public static final byte[] MF = new byte[] { (byte) 0x3F, (byte) 0x00 };
+  
+  public static final byte[] EF_VERSION = new byte[] { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x32 };
+
+  /**
+   * Application ID <em>SV-Personendaten</em>.
+   */
+  public static final byte[] AID_SV_PERSONENDATEN = new byte[] { 
+    (byte) 0xD0, (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+    (byte) 0x17, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01
+  };
+  
+  /**
+   * File ID <em>Grunddaten</em> ({@link #AID_SV_PERSONENDATEN}).
+   */
+  public static final byte[] FID_GRUNDDATEN = new byte[] {
+    (byte) 0xEF, (byte) 0x01
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * File ID <em>EHIC</em> ({@link #AID_SV_PERSONENDATEN}).
+   */
+  public static final byte[] FID_EHIC = new byte[] {
+    (byte) 0xEF, (byte) 0x02
+  };
+  
+  /**
+   * File ID <em>Status</em> ({@link #AID_SV_PERSONENDATEN}).
+   */
+  public static final byte[] FID_SV_PERSONENBINDUNG = new byte[] {
+    (byte) 0xEF, (byte) 0x03
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * File ID <em>Status</em> ({@link #AID_SV_PERSONENDATEN}).
+   */
+  public static final byte[] FID_STATUS = new byte[] {
+    (byte) 0xEF, (byte) 0x04
+  };
+
+  public static final byte[] AID_INFOBOX = new byte[] { (byte) 0xd0,
+      (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x17, (byte) 0x00,
+      (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_INFOBOX = new byte[] { (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] AID_SVSIG_CERT = new byte[] { (byte) 0xd0,
+      (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x17, (byte) 0x00,
+      (byte) 0x10, (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_SVSIG_CERT_CA = new byte[] { (byte) 0x2f,
+      (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_SVSIG_CERT = new byte[] { (byte) 0x2f,
+      (byte) 0x02 };
+
+  // Sichere Signatur (SS)
+
+  public static final byte[] AID_DF_SS = new byte[] { (byte) 0xd0, (byte) 0x40,
+      (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x17, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x12,
+      (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_C_X509_CH_DS = new byte[] { (byte) 0xc0,
+      (byte) 0x00 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_C_X509_CA_CS_DS = new byte[] { (byte) 0xc6,
+      (byte) 0x08 };
+
+  public static final byte KID_PIN_SS = (byte) 0x81;
+
+  // Gewöhnliche Signatur (GS)
+
+  public static final byte[] AID_DF_GS = new byte[] { (byte) 0xd0, (byte) 0x40,
+      (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x17, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x13,
+      (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_C_X509_CH_AUT = new byte[] { (byte) 0x2f,
+      (byte) 0x01 };
+
+  public static final byte[] EF_C_X509_CA_CS = new byte[] { (byte) 0x2f,
+      (byte) 0x02 };
+
+  public static final byte KID_PIN_CARD = (byte) 0x01;
+
+  private static final PINSpec CARD_PIN_SPEC =
+    new PINSpec(4, 12, "[0-9]", 
+        "at/gv/egiz/smcc/STARCOSCard", "card.pin", KID_PIN_CARD, null);
+  
+  private static final PINSpec SS_PIN_SPEC =
+    new PINSpec(6, 12, "[0-9]", 
+        "at/gv/egiz/smcc/STARCOSCard", "sig.pin", KID_PIN_SS, AID_DF_SS);
+  
+  static {
+    if (SignatureCardFactory.ENFORCE_RECOMMENDED_PIN_LENGTH) {
+      CARD_PIN_SPEC.setRecLength(4);
+      SS_PIN_SPEC.setRecLength(6);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  protected double version = 1.1;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance.
+   */
+  public STARCOSCard() {
+    super("at/gv/egiz/smcc/STARCOSCard");
+    pinSpecs.add(CARD_PIN_SPEC);
+    pinSpecs.add(SS_PIN_SPEC);
+  }
+ 
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.AbstractSignatureCard#init(javax.smartcardio.Card, javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal)
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void init(Card card, CardTerminal cardTerminal) {
+    super.init(card, cardTerminal);
+    
+    // determine application version
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+    try {
+      // SELECT MF
+      execSELECT_MF(channel);
+      // SELECT EF_VERSION
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, EF_VERSION);
+      // READ BINARY
+      byte[] ver = ISO7816Utils.readRecord(channel, 1);
+      if (ver[0] == (byte) 0xa5 && ver[2] == (byte) 0x53) {
+        version = (0x0F & ver[4]) + (0xF0 & ver[5])/160.0 + (0x0F & ver[5])/100.0;
+        String generation = (version < 1.2) ? "<= G2" : "G3";
+        log.info("e-card version=" + version + " (" + generation + ")");
+      }
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+    } catch (SignatureCardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getCertificate(KeyboxName keyboxName)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+
+    byte[] aid;
+    byte[] fid;
+    if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR) {
+      aid = AID_DF_SS;
+      fid = EF_C_X509_CH_DS;
+    } else if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR) {
+      aid = AID_DF_GS;
+      fid = EF_C_X509_CH_AUT;
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keybox " + keyboxName
+          + " not supported.");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      // SELECT application
+      execSELECT_AID(channel, aid);
+      // SELECT file
+      execSELECT_FID(channel, fid);
+      // READ BINARY
+      byte[] certificate = ISO7816Utils.readTransparentFileTLV(channel, -1, (byte) 0x30);
+      if (certificate == null) {
+        throw new NotActivatedException();
+      }
+      return certificate;
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to get certificate.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] getInfobox(String infobox, PINGUI pinGUI, String domainId)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+  
+    try {
+      if ("IdentityLink".equals(infobox)) {
+
+        PINSpec spec = CARD_PIN_SPEC;
+        
+        CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_INFOBOX);
+        // SELECT file
+        execSELECT_FID(channel, EF_INFOBOX);
+
+        while (true) {
+          try {
+            return ISO7816Utils.readTransparentFileTLV(channel, -1, (byte) 0x30);
+          } catch (SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException e) {
+            verifyPINLoop(channel, spec, pinGUI);
+          }
+        }
+        
+      } else if ("Status".equals(infobox)) {
+        
+        CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_SV_PERSONENDATEN);
+        // SELECT file
+        execSELECT_FID(channel, FID_STATUS);
+        // READ RECORDS
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        try {
+          for (int record = 1; record <= 5; record++) {
+            byte[] rb = ISO7816Utils.readRecord(channel, record);
+            bytes.write(rb);
+          }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to read infobox '" + infobox
+              + "'.", e);
+        }
+        return bytes.toByteArray();
+        
+      } else {
+
+        byte[] fid;
+        
+        if ("EHIC".equals(infobox)) {
+          fid = FID_EHIC;
+        } else if ("Grunddaten".equals(infobox)) {
+          fid = FID_GRUNDDATEN;
+        } else if ("SV-Personenbindung".equals(infobox)) {
+          fid = FID_SV_PERSONENBINDUNG;
+        } else {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Infobox '" + infobox
+              + "' not supported.");
+        }
+       
+        CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_SV_PERSONENDATEN);
+        // SELECT file
+        execSELECT_FID(channel, fid);
+        // READ BINARY
+        return ISO7816Utils.readTransparentFileTLV(channel, -1, (byte) 0x30);
+        
+      }
+        
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to access card.", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public byte[] createSignature(InputStream input, KeyboxName keyboxName,
+      PINGUI provider, String alg) throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+  
+    ByteArrayOutputStream dst = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    byte[] ht = null;
+    
+    MessageDigest md = null;
+    try {
+      if (alg == null || "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#ecdsa-sha1".equals(alg)) {
+        // local key ID '02' version '00'
+        dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00});
+        if (version < 1.2) {
+          // algorithm ID ECDSA with SHA-1
+          dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x89, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x13, (byte) 0x35, (byte) 0x10});
+        } else {
+          // portable algorithm reference
+          dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x04});
+          // hash template
+          ht = new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x10};
+        }
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
+      } else if (version >= 1.2 && "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1".equals(alg)) {
+        // local key ID '03' version '00'
+        dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00});
+        // portable algorithm reference
+        dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+        // hash template
+        ht = new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x10};
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
+      } else if (version >= 1.2 && "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#ecdsa-sha256".equals(alg)) {
+        // local key ID '02' version '00'
+        dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00});
+        // portable algorithm reference
+        dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x04});
+        // hash template
+        ht = new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x40};
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA256");
+      } else if (version >= 1.2 && "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#rsa-sha256".equals(alg)) {
+        // local key ID '03' version '00'
+        dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00});
+        // portable algorithm reference
+        dst.write(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+        // hash template
+        ht = new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x40};
+        md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA256");
+      } else {
+        throw new SignatureCardException("e-card version " + version + " does not support signature algorithm " + alg + ".");
+      }
+    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+      log.error("Failed to get MessageDigest.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    
+    // calculate message digest
+    byte[] digest = new byte[md.getDigestLength()];
+    for (int l; (l = input.read(digest)) != -1;) {
+      md.update(digest, 0, l);
+    }
+    digest = md.digest();
+
+    try {
+      
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      
+      if (KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)) {
+        
+        PINSpec spec = SS_PIN_SPEC;
+        
+        // SELECT MF
+        execSELECT_MF(channel);
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_DF_SS);
+        // VERIFY
+        verifyPINLoop(channel, spec, provider);
+        // MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT : SET DST
+        execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xb6, dst.toByteArray());
+        if (version < 1.2) {
+          // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : HASH
+          execPSO_HASH(channel, digest);
+          // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATURE
+          return execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(channel, null);
+        } else {
+          if (ht != null) {
+            // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : SET HT
+            execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xaa, ht);
+          }
+          // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATURE
+          return execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(channel, digest);
+        }
+        
+        
+      } else if (KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR.equals(keyboxName)) {
+
+        PINSpec spec = CARD_PIN_SPEC;
+        
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, AID_DF_GS);
+        // MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT : SET DST
+        execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xb6, dst.toByteArray());
+        if (version >= 1.2 && ht != null) {
+          // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : SET HT
+          execMSE(channel, 0x41, 0xaa, ht);
+        }
+        // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : HASH
+        execPSO_HASH(channel, digest);
+        while (true) {
+          try {
+            // PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION : COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATURE
+            return execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(channel, null);
+          } catch (SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException e) {
+            verifyPINLoop(channel, spec, provider);
+          }
+        }
+        
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("KeyboxName '" + keyboxName
+            + "' not supported.");
+      }
+
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.warn(e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to access card.", e);
+    }
+  
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.AbstractSignatureCard#verifyPIN(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec, at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINProvider)
+   */
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public void verifyPIN(PINSpec pinSpec, PINGUI pinProvider)
+      throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, CancelledException,
+      TimeoutException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+    
+    try {
+      if (pinSpec.getContextAID() != null) {
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, pinSpec.getContextAID());
+      }
+      verifyPINLoop(channel, pinSpec, pinProvider);
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to verify PIN.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to verify PIN.", e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.AbstractSignatureCard#changePIN(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec, at.gv.egiz.smcc.ChangePINProvider)
+   */
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public void changePIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI pinGUI)
+      throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, CancelledException,
+      TimeoutException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+    
+    try {
+      if (pinSpec.getContextAID() != null) {
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, pinSpec.getContextAID());
+      }
+      changePINLoop(channel, pinSpec, pinGUI);
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to change PIN.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to change PIN.", e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.AbstractSignatureCard#activatePIN(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec, at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINProvider)
+   */
+  @Override
+  @Exclusive
+  public void activatePIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI activatePINGUI)
+      throws CancelledException, SignatureCardException, CancelledException,
+      TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
+
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+
+    try {
+      if (pinSpec.getContextAID() != null) {
+        // SELECT application
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, pinSpec.getContextAID());
+      }
+      activatePIN(channel, pinSpec, activatePINGUI);
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to activate PIN.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to activate PIN.", e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINMgmtSignatureCard#unblockPIN(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec, at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINProvider)
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void unblockPIN(PINSpec pinSpec, ModifyPINGUI pukProvider)
+      throws CancelledException, SignatureCardException, InterruptedException {
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+
+    try {
+      unblockPINLoop(channel, pinSpec, pukProvider);
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to activate PIN.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to activate PIN.", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void reset() throws SignatureCardException {
+    try {
+      super.reset();
+      log.debug("select MF (e-card workaround)");
+      CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+      ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C));
+      if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+        throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to select MF after RESET: SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".");
+      }
+    } catch (CardException ex) {
+      log.error("Failed to select MF after RESET: " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to select MF after RESET");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINMgmtSignatureCard#getPINSpecs()
+   */
+  @Override
+  public List<PINSpec> getPINSpecs() {
+    return Arrays.asList(new PINSpec[] {CARD_PIN_SPEC, SS_PIN_SPEC});
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINMgmtSignatureCard#getPINStatus(at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec)
+   */
+  @Override
+  public PIN_STATE getPINState(PINSpec pinSpec) throws SignatureCardException {
+    
+    CardChannel channel = getCardChannel();
+    
+    try {
+      if (pinSpec.getContextAID() != null) {
+        // SELECT AID
+        execSELECT_AID(channel, pinSpec.getContextAID());
+      }
+      verifyPIN(channel, pinSpec, null, 0);
+      return PIN_STATE.ACTIV;
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      return PIN_STATE.UNKNOWN;
+    } catch (LockedException e) {
+      return PIN_STATE.BLOCKED;
+    } catch (NotActivatedException e) {
+      return PIN_STATE.NOT_ACTIV;
+    } catch (CardException e) {
+      log.error("Failed to get PIN status.", e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to get PIN status.", e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  public String toString() {
+    return "e-card";
+  }
+  
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // PROTECTED METHODS (assume exclusive card access)
+  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  
+  protected void verifyPINLoop(CardChannel channel, PINSpec spec, PINGUI provider)
+      throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, SignatureCardException,
+      InterruptedException, CardException {
+    
+    int retries = verifyPIN(channel, spec, null, -1);
+    do {
+      retries = verifyPIN(channel, spec, provider, retries);
+    } while (retries > 0);
+  }
+
+  protected void changePINLoop(CardChannel channel, PINSpec spec, ModifyPINGUI provider)
+      throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, SignatureCardException,
+      InterruptedException, CardException {
+
+    int retries = verifyPIN(channel, spec, null, -1);
+    do {
+      retries = changePIN(channel, spec, provider, retries);
+    } while (retries > 0);
+  }
+  
+  protected void unblockPINLoop(CardChannel channel, PINSpec spec, ModifyPINGUI provider)
+      throws LockedException, NotActivatedException, SignatureCardException,
+      InterruptedException, CardException {
+
+    //TODO get PUK retry counter from EF FID 0036 in MF
+    int retries = -1;
+    do {
+      retries = unblockPIN(channel, spec, provider, retries);
+    } while (retries > 0);
+  }
+
+  protected int verifyPIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      PINGUI provider, int retries) throws SignatureCardException,
+      LockedException, NotActivatedException, InterruptedException,
+      CardException {
+    
+    VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec = new VerifyAPDUSpec(
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x08,
+            (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff }, 
+        1, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BCD, 7, 4, 4);
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp;
+    if (provider != null) {
+      resp = reader.verify(channel, apduSpec, provider, pinSpec, retries);
+    } else {
+      resp = channel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x20, 0x00, pinSpec.getKID()));
+    }
+
+
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -1;
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6983 || resp.getSW() == 0x63c0) {
+      // authentication method blocked (0x63c0 returned by 'short' VERIFY)
+      throw new LockedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6984 || resp.getSW() == 0x6985) {
+      // reference data not usable; conditions of use not satisfied
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() >> 4 == 0x63c) {
+      return 0x0f & resp.getSW();
+    } else if (version >= 1.2 && resp.getSW() == 0x6400) {
+      String msg = "VERIFY failed, card not activated. SW=0x6400";
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } else {
+      String msg = "VERIFY failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()); 
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  protected int changePIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      ModifyPINGUI pinProvider, int retries) throws CancelledException,
+      InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException {
+
+      ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec = new ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec(
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x24, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x10,
+            (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+        1, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BCD, 7, 4, 4, 8);
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = reader.modify(channel, apduSpec, pinProvider, pinSpec, retries);
+
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -1;
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6983) {
+      // authentication method blocked
+      throw new LockedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6984) {
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() >> 4 == 0x63c) {
+      return 0x0f & resp.getSW();
+    } else {
+      String msg = "CHANGE REFERENCE DATA failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()); 
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected int activatePIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      ModifyPINGUI provider) throws SignatureCardException,
+      InterruptedException, CardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp;
+    if (version < 1.2) {
+      NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec = new NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec(
+          new byte[] {
+              (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x24, (byte) 0x01, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x08,
+              (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+              (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+          1, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BCD, 7, 4, 4);
+
+      resp = reader.modify(channel, apduSpec, provider, pinSpec);
+    } else {
+      NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec = new NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec(
+          new byte[] {
+              (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x24, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x10,
+              (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x34, (byte) 0x56, (byte) 0xff,
+              (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, 
+              (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+              (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+          1, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BCD, 7, 4, 4);
+      apduSpec.setPinInsertionOffsetNew(8);
+      resp = reader.modify(channel, apduSpec, provider, pinSpec);
+    }
+
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -1;
+    } else {
+      String msg = "CHANGE REFERENCE DATA failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW());
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  protected int unblockPIN(CardChannel channel, PINSpec pinSpec,
+      ModifyPINGUI provider, int retries) throws SignatureCardException,
+      InterruptedException, CardException {
+
+    if (version < 1.2) {
+      // would return 0x6982 (Security status not satisfied)
+      throw new SignatureCardException("RESET RETRY COUNTER is not supported by this card.");
+    }
+
+    ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec apduSpec = new ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec(
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x2c, (byte) 0x00, pinSpec.getKID(), (byte) 0x10,
+            (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+        1, VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BCD, 7, 4, 4, 8);
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = reader.modify(channel, apduSpec, provider, pinSpec, retries);
+
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return -1;
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6983) {
+      // PUK blocked
+      throw new LockedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6984) {
+      throw new NotActivatedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() >> 4 == 0x63c) {
+      return 0x0f & resp.getSW();
+    } else {
+      String msg = "RESET RETRY COUNTER failed. SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW());
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected void execSELECT_MF(CardChannel channel) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C));
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to select MF: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".");
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected byte[] execSELECT_AID(CardChannel channel, byte[] aid)
+      throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x04, 0x00, aid, 256));
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6A82) {
+      String msg = "File or application not found AID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(aid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(msg);
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      String msg = "Failed to select application AID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(aid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } else {
+      return resp.getBytes();
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] execSELECT_FID(CardChannel channel, byte[] fid)
+      throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xA4, 0x02, 0x04, fid, 256));
+    
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6A82) {
+      String msg = "File or application not found FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(msg);
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      String msg = "Failed to select application FID="
+          + SMCCHelper.toString(fid) + " SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".";
+      log.error(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    } else {
+      return resp.getBytes();
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  protected void execMSE(CardChannel channel, int p1, int p2, byte[] data)
+      throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x22, p1, p2, data));
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("MSE:SET failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    }
+  }
+  
+  protected void execPSO_HASH(CardChannel channel, byte[] hash) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    byte[] data = new byte[hash.length + 2];
+    data[0] = (byte) 0x90; // tag
+    data[1] = (byte) (hash.length); // length
+    System.arraycopy(hash, 0, data, 2, hash.length);
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x90, 0xA0, data));
+    if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("PSO:HASH failed: SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected void execPSO_HASH(CardChannel channel, InputStream input)
+      throws SignatureCardException, CardException {
+    ResponseAPDU resp;
+    int blockSize = 64;
+    byte[] b = new byte[blockSize];
+    try {
+      ByteArrayOutputStream data = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      // initialize
+      data.write((byte) 0x90);
+      data.write((byte) 0x00);
+      resp = channel.transmit(
+          new CommandAPDU(0x10, 0x2A, 0x90, 0xA0, data.toByteArray()));
+      data.reset();
+      for (int l; (l = input.read(b)) != -1;) {
+        data.write((byte) 0x80);
+        data.write(l);
+        data.write(b, 0, l);
+        resp = channel.transmit(
+            new CommandAPDU((l == blockSize) ? 0x10 : 0x00, 0x2A, 0x90, 0xA0, data.toByteArray()));
+        if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+          throw new SignatureCardException("PSO:HASH failed: SW="
+              + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+        }
+        data.reset();
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  protected byte[] execPSO_COMPUTE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE(CardChannel channel, byte[] hash)
+      throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    ResponseAPDU resp;
+    if (hash != null) {
+      resp = channel.transmit(
+          new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x9E, 0x9A, hash, 256));
+    } else {
+      resp = channel.transmit(
+          new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0x2A, 0x9E, 0x9A, 256));
+    }
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x6982) {
+      throw new SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6983) {
+      throw new LockedException();
+    } else if (resp.getSW() != 0x9000) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException(
+          "PSO: COMPUTE DIGITAL SIGNATRE failed: SW="
+              + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    } else {
+      return resp.getData();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SWCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SWCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73c7faa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SWCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
+import java.security.Key;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+import java.security.KeyStoreException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.PrivateKey;
+import java.security.Signature;
+import java.security.SignatureException;
+import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
+import java.security.cert.Certificate;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateEncodingException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author mcentner
+ */
+public class SWCard implements SignatureCard {
+  
+  private static final String BKU_USER_DIR = ".mocca";
+
+  private static final String SWCARD_DIR = "smcc";
+  
+  private static final String KEYSTORE_CERTIFIED_KEYPAIR = "certified.p12";
+  
+  private static final String KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_CERTIFIED_KEYPAIR = "certified.pwd";
+  
+  private static final String CERTIFICATE_CERTIFIED_KEYPAIR = "certified.cer";
+  
+  private static final String KEYSTORE_SECURE_KEYPAIR = "secure.p12";
+  
+  private static final String KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_SECURE_KEYPAIR = "secure.pwd";
+
+  private static final String CERTIFICATE_SECURE_KEYPAIR = "secure.cer";
+  
+  private static String swCardDir;
+
+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SWCard.class);
+
+  private KeyStore certifiedKeyStore;
+  
+  private char[] certifiedKeyStorePassword;
+  
+  private KeyStore secureKeyStore;
+  
+  private char[] secureKeyStorePassword;
+  
+  private Certificate certifiedCertificate;
+  
+  private Certificate secureCertificate;
+  
+  static {
+    String userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
+    String fs = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    swCardDir = userHome + fs + BKU_USER_DIR + fs + SWCARD_DIR;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the swCardDir
+   */
+  public static String getSwCardDir() {
+    return swCardDir;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param swCardDir the swCardDir to set
+   */
+  public static void setSwCardDir(String swCardDir) {
+    SWCard.swCardDir = swCardDir;
+  }
+
+  public void init(Card card, CardTerminal cardTerminal) {
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Card getCard() {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private String getFileName(String fileName) {
+    String fs = System.getProperty("file.separator");
+    return swCardDir + fs + fileName;
+  }
+  
+  private Certificate loadCertificate(String certificateFileName) throws SignatureCardException {
+    
+    final String certificateType = "x509";
+    CertificateFactory factory;
+    try {
+      factory = CertificateFactory.getInstance(certificateType);
+    } catch (CertificateException e) {
+      String msg = "Failed to get CertificateFactory instance for type '" + certificateType + "'.";
+      log.error(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+    
+    // try to load Certificate file
+    String fileName = getFileName(certificateFileName);
+    log.info("Trying to load Certificate from file '" + fileName + "'.");
+    
+    FileInputStream certificateFile;
+    try {
+      certificateFile = new FileInputStream(fileName);
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      String msg = "Certificate file '" + fileName + "' not found.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+    
+    Certificate certificate;
+    try {
+      certificate = factory.generateCertificate(certificateFile);
+    } catch (CertificateException e) {
+      String msg = "Failed to load Certificate from file '" + fileName + "'.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+    
+    return certificate;
+    
+  }
+  
+  private KeyStore loadKeyStore(String keyStoreFileName, char[] password) throws SignatureCardException {
+    
+    final String keyStoreType = "pkcs12";
+    KeyStore keyStore;
+    try {
+      keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
+    } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
+      String msg = "Failed to get KeyStore instance for KeyStore type '" + keyStoreType + "'.";
+      log.error(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+
+    // try to load KeyStore file
+    String fileName = getFileName(keyStoreFileName);
+    log.info("Trying to load KeyStore from file '" + fileName + "'.");
+    
+    FileInputStream keyStoreFile;
+    try {
+      keyStoreFile = new FileInputStream(fileName);
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      String msg = "KeyStore file '"+ fileName + "' not found.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+    
+    try {
+      keyStore.load(keyStoreFile, password);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      String msg = "Failed to load KeyStore from file '" + fileName + "'.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    } 
+    
+    return keyStore;
+  
+  }
+  
+  private char[] loadKeyStorePassword(String passwordFileName) throws SignatureCardException {
+
+    String fileName = getFileName(passwordFileName);
+    FileInputStream keyStorePasswordFile;
+    try {
+      keyStorePasswordFile = new FileInputStream(fileName);
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    
+    try {
+      InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(keyStorePasswordFile, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+      char b[] = new char[16];
+      for (int l; (l = reader.read(b)) != -1;) {
+        sb.append(b, 0, l);
+      }
+      return sb.toString().toCharArray();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to read file '" + passwordFileName + "'.");
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  private KeyStore getKeyStore(KeyboxName keyboxName, char[] password) throws SignatureCardException {
+    
+    if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR) {
+      if (certifiedKeyStore == null) {
+        certifiedKeyStore = loadKeyStore(KEYSTORE_CERTIFIED_KEYPAIR, password);
+      }
+      return certifiedKeyStore;
+    } else if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR) {
+      if (secureKeyStore == null) {
+        secureKeyStore = loadKeyStore(KEYSTORE_SECURE_KEYPAIR, password);
+      }
+      return secureKeyStore;
+    } else {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Keybox of type '" + keyboxName + "' not supported.");
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  private char[] getPassword(KeyboxName keyboxName) throws SignatureCardException {
+    
+    if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR) {
+      if (certifiedKeyStorePassword == null) {
+        certifiedKeyStorePassword = loadKeyStorePassword(KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_CERTIFIED_KEYPAIR);
+      }
+      return certifiedKeyStorePassword;
+    } else if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR) {
+      if (secureKeyStorePassword == null) {
+        secureKeyStorePassword = loadKeyStorePassword(KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_SECURE_KEYPAIR);
+      }
+      return secureKeyStorePassword;
+    } else {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Keybox of type '" + keyboxName + "' not supported.");
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  public byte[] getCertificate(KeyboxName keyboxName)
+      throws SignatureCardException {
+
+    try {
+      if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR) {
+        if (certifiedCertificate == null) {
+          certifiedCertificate = loadCertificate(CERTIFICATE_CERTIFIED_KEYPAIR);
+        }
+        return certifiedCertificate.getEncoded();
+      } else if (keyboxName == KeyboxName.SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR) {
+        if (secureCertificate == null) {
+          secureCertificate = loadCertificate(CERTIFICATE_SECURE_KEYPAIR);
+        }
+        return secureCertificate.getEncoded();
+      } else {
+        throw new SignatureCardException("Keybox of type '" + keyboxName + "' not supported.");
+      }
+    } catch (CertificateEncodingException e) {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to get encoded Certificate.", e);
+    }
+
+    
+  }
+
+  public byte[] getInfobox(String infobox, PINGUI provider, String domainId) throws SignatureCardException {
+    
+    String fileName = getFileName(infobox + ".ibx");
+    FileInputStream file;
+    try {
+      file = new FileInputStream(fileName);
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      String msg = "Infobox '" + infobox + "' not found.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    try {
+      byte[] b = new byte[512];
+      for(int l; (l = file.read(b)) != -1;) {
+        bytes.write(b, 0, l);
+      }
+      file.close();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      String msg = "Failed to read infobox '" + infobox + "'.";
+      log.error(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+    
+    return bytes.toByteArray();
+    
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte[] createSignature(InputStream input, KeyboxName keyboxName, PINGUI provider, String alg) throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+
+    // KeyStore password
+    char[] password = getPassword(keyboxName);
+
+    if (password == null) {
+
+      PINSpec pinSpec = new PINSpec(0, -1, ".", "KeyStore-Password", (byte) 0x01, null);
+      
+      password = provider.providePIN(pinSpec, -1);
+      
+      if (password == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      
+    }
+
+    KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(keyboxName, password);
+
+    PrivateKey privateKey = null;
+    
+    try {
+      for (Enumeration<String> aliases = keyStore.aliases(); aliases
+          .hasMoreElements() && privateKey == null;) {
+        String alias = aliases.nextElement();
+        log.debug("Found alias '" + alias + "' in keystore");
+        if (keyStore.isKeyEntry(alias)) {
+          Key key = null;
+          while (key == null) {
+            try {
+              key = keyStore.getKey(alias, password);
+            } catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) {
+              log.info("Failed to get Key from KeyStore. Wrong password?", e);
+            }
+          }
+          privateKey = (PrivateKey) key;
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      String msg = "Failed to get certificate from KeyStore.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+
+    if (privateKey == null) {
+      String msg = "No private key found in KeyStore.";
+      log.info(msg);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg);
+    }
+
+    String algorithm = privateKey.getAlgorithm();
+    algorithm = "SHA1with" + algorithm;
+    try {
+      Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(algorithm);
+      signature.initSign(privateKey);
+      int l;
+      for (byte[] b = new byte[20]; (l = input.read(b)) != -1;) {
+        signature.update(b, 0, l);
+      }
+      return signature.sign();
+    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+      String msg = "Algorithm + '" + algorithm + "' not supported for signing.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    } catch (SignatureException e) {
+      String msg = "Signing faild.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
+      String msg = "Key not valid for algorithm + '" + algorithm + "'.";
+      log.info(msg, e);
+      throw new SignatureCardException(msg, e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setLocale(Locale locale) {
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void disconnect(boolean reset) {    
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void reset() throws SignatureCardException {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf0af76c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException extends SignatureCardException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException() {
+  }
+
+  public SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  public SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCard.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCard.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa589b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCard.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+
+public interface SignatureCard {
+
+  public static class KeyboxName {
+
+    public static KeyboxName SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR = new KeyboxName(
+        "SecureSignatureKeypair");
+    public static KeyboxName CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR = new KeyboxName(
+        "CertifiedKeypair");
+
+    private String keyboxName_;
+
+    private KeyboxName(String keyboxName_) {
+      this.keyboxName_ = keyboxName_;
+    }
+
+    public static KeyboxName getKeyboxName(String keyBox) {
+      if (SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR.equals(keyBox)) {
+        return SECURE_SIGNATURE_KEYPAIR;
+      } else if (CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR.equals(keyBox)) {
+        return CERITIFIED_KEYPAIR;
+      } else {
+        return new KeyboxName(keyBox);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj instanceof String) {
+        return obj.equals(keyboxName_);
+      }
+      if (obj instanceof KeyboxName) {
+        return ((KeyboxName) obj).keyboxName_.equals(keyboxName_);
+      } else {
+        return super.equals(obj);
+      }
+    }
+
+    public String getKeyboxName() {
+      return keyboxName_;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return keyboxName_;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public void init(Card card, CardTerminal cardTerminal);
+  
+  public Card getCard();
+
+  public byte[] getCertificate(KeyboxName keyboxName)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException;
+  
+  public void disconnect(boolean reset);
+  
+  /**
+   * Performs a reset of the card.
+   * 
+   * @throws SignatureCardException if reset fails.
+   */
+  public void reset() throws SignatureCardException;
+
+  /**
+   * 
+   * @param infobox
+   * @param provider
+   * @param domainId may be null.
+   * @return
+   * @throws SignatureCardException
+   * @throws InterruptedException if applet is destroyed while in pin dialog
+   */
+  public byte[] getInfobox(String infobox, PINGUI pinGUI, String domainId)
+      throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException;
+
+  /**
+   * 
+   * @param input
+   * @param keyboxName
+   * @param provider
+   * @param alg TODO
+   * @return
+   * @throws at.gv.egiz.smcc.SignatureCardException
+   * @throws java.lang.InterruptedException if applet is destroyed while in pin dialog
+   * @throws IOException 
+   */
+  public byte[] createSignature(InputStream input, KeyboxName keyboxName,
+      PINGUI pinGUI, String alg) throws SignatureCardException, InterruptedException, IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the local for evtl. required callbacks (e.g. PINSpec)
+   * @param locale must not be null;
+   */
+  public void setLocale(Locale locale);
+
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCardException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCardException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48b4646a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCardException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class SignatureCardException extends Exception {
+
+  /**
+   * 
+   */
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+  
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>SignatureCardException</code>.
+   * 
+   */
+  public SignatureCardException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>SignatureCardException</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param message
+   * @param cause
+   */
+  public SignatureCardException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>SignatureCardException</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param message
+   */
+  public SignatureCardException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this <code>SignatureCardException</code>.
+   * 
+   * @param cause
+   */
+  public SignatureCardException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+  
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCardFactory.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCardFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9165a7d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/SignatureCardFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.ATR;
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+/**
+ * A factory for creating {@link SignatureCard}s from {@link Card}s. 
+ */
+public class SignatureCardFactory {
+
+  public static boolean ENFORCE_RECOMMENDED_PIN_LENGTH = false;
+  
+  /**
+   * This class represents a supported smart card. 
+   */
+  private class SupportedCard {
+    
+    /**
+     * The ATR pattern. 
+     */
+    private byte[] atrPattern;
+    
+    /**
+     * The ATR mask.
+     */
+    private byte[] atrMask;
+    
+    /**
+     * The implementation class.
+     */
+    private String impl;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new SupportedCard instance with the given ATR pattern and mask
+     * und the corresponding implementation class.
+     * 
+     * @param atrPattern
+     *          the ATR pattern
+     * @param atrMask
+     *          the ATR mask
+     * @param implementationClass
+     *          the name of the implementation class
+     * 
+     * @throws NullPointerException
+     *           if <code>atrPattern</code> or <code>atrMask</code> is
+     *           <code>null</code>.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
+     *           if the lengths of <code>atrPattern</code> and
+     *           <code>atrMask</code> of not equal.
+     */
+    public SupportedCard(byte[] atrPattern, byte[] atrMask, String implementationClass) {
+      if (atrPattern.length != atrMask.length) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Length of 'atr' and 'mask' must be equal.");
+      }
+      this.atrPattern = atrPattern;
+      this.atrMask = atrMask;
+      this.impl = implementationClass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the given ATR matches the ATR pattern and mask this
+     * SupportedCard object.
+     * 
+     * @param atr
+     *          the ATR
+     * 
+     * @return <code>true</code> if the given ATR matches the ATR pattern and
+     *         mask of this SupportedCard object, or <code>false</code>
+     *         otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean matches(ATR atr) {
+
+      byte[] bytes = atr.getBytes();
+      if (bytes == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (bytes.length < atrMask.length) {
+        // we cannot test for equal length here, as we get ATRs with 
+        // additional bytes on systems using PCSClite (e.g. linux and OS X) sometimes
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      int l = Math.min(atrMask.length, bytes.length);
+      for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+        if ((bytes[i] & atrMask[i]) != atrPattern[i]) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+      
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the corresponding implementation class.
+     */
+    public String getImplementationClassName() {
+      return impl;
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Logging facility.
+   */
+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SignatureCardFactory.class);
+  
+  /**
+   * The instance to be returned by {@link #getInstance()}.
+   */
+  private static SignatureCardFactory instance;
+  
+  /**
+   * The list of supported smart cards.
+   */
+  private List<SupportedCard> supportedCards;
+  
+  /**
+   * @return an instance of this SignatureCardFactory.
+   */
+  public static synchronized SignatureCardFactory getInstance() {
+    if (instance == null) {
+      instance = new SignatureCardFactory();
+    }
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Private constructor.
+   */
+  private SignatureCardFactory() {
+    
+    supportedCards = new ArrayList<SupportedCard>();
+
+    // e-card
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+        // ATR  (3b:bd:18:00:81:31:fe:45:80:51:02:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00)
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xbd, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x45, 
+            (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x51, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 
+        },
+        // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00)
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, 
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 
+        },
+        "at.gv.egiz.smcc.STARCOSCard"));
+    
+    // e-card G3
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+        // ATR  (3b:dd:96:ff:81:b1:fe:45:1f:03:80:31:b0:52:02:03:64:04:1b:b4:22:81:05:18)
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xdd, (byte) 0x96, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0xb1, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x45, 
+            (byte) 0x1f, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00
+        },
+        // mask (
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, 
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 
+        },
+        "at.gv.egiz.smcc.STARCOSCard"));
+
+    // a-sign premium (EPA)
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+        // ATR  (3b:bf:11:00:81:31:fe:45:45:50:41:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00)
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xbf, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x45, 
+            (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x50, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 
+        },
+        // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00)
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, 
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00
+        },
+        "at.gv.egiz.smcc.ACOSCard"));
+
+    // a-sign premium (MCA)
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+        // ATR  (3b:bf:11:00:81:31:fe:45:45:50:41:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00)
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xbf, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x45, 
+            (byte) 0x4D, (byte) 0x43, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 
+        },
+        // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00)
+        new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, 
+            (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, 
+            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00
+        },
+        "at.gv.egiz.smcc.ACOSCard"));
+
+    // BELPIC
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+            // ATR (3b:98:13:40:0A:A5:03:01:01:01:AD:13:11)
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x98, (byte) 0x13,
+                    (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x0a, (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0x03,
+                    (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xad,
+                    (byte) 0x13, (byte) 0x11 },
+            // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+            "at.gv.egiz.smcc.BELPICCard"));
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+            // ATR [3b:98:_94_:40:_ff_:a5:03:01:01:01:ad:13:_10_]
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x98, (byte) 0x94,
+                    (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0x03,
+                    (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xad,
+                    (byte) 0x13, (byte) 0x10 },
+            // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+            "at.gv.egiz.smcc.BELPICCard"));
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+            // ATR [3b:98:_94_:40:0a:a5:03:01:01:01:ad:13:_10_]
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x98, (byte) 0x94,
+                    (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x0a, (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0x03,
+                    (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xad,
+                    (byte) 0x13, (byte) 0x10 },
+            // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+            "at.gv.egiz.smcc.BELPICCard"));
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+            // ATR [3b:98:_95_:40:0a:a5:_07_:01:01:01:ad:13:_20_]
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x98, (byte) 0x95,
+                    (byte) 0x40, (byte) 0x0a, (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0x07,
+                    (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xad,
+                    (byte) 0x13, (byte) 0x20 },
+            // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+            "at.gv.egiz.smcc.BELPICCard"));
+
+    // ITCards
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+    // ATR =
+    // [3b:ff:18:00:ff:81:31:fe:55:00:6b:02:09:02:00:01:11:01:43:4e:53:11:31:80:8e]
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x18,
+                    (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x31,
+                    (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x6b,
+                    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x09 /*
+                                             * , (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00,
+                                             * (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x11,
+                                             * (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x43,
+                                             * (byte) 0x4e, (byte) 0x53,
+                                             * (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x31,
+                                             * (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x8e
+                                             */
+            },
+            // mask (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
+            new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                    (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff /*
+                                             * , (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                                             * (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                                             * (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                                             * (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                                             * (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                                             * (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff
+                                             */
+            }, "at.gv.egiz.smcc.ITCard"));
+    supportedCards.add(new SupportedCard(
+        // ATR
+        // (3B:FF:18:00:FF:C1:0A:31:FE:55:00:6B:05:08:C8:05:01:01:01:43:4E:53:10:31:80:1C)
+        new byte[] { (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x18,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xC1, (byte) 0x0a,
+                (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x6B, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0xC8,
+                (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x43, (byte) 0x4E, (byte) 0x53, (byte) 0x10,
+                (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x1C },
+        // mask
+        // (ff:ff:ff:00:00:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00:00:00)
+        new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+                (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff },
+        "at.gv.egiz.smcc.ITCard"));
+
+    
+    
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a SignatureCard instance with the given smart card.
+   * 
+   * @param card
+   *          the smart card, or <code>null</code> if a software card should be
+   *          created
+   * @param cardTerminal TODO
+   * 
+   * @return a SignatureCard instance
+   * 
+   * @throws CardNotSupportedException
+   *           if no implementation of the given <code>card</code> could be
+   *           found
+   */
+  public SignatureCard createSignatureCard(Card card, CardTerminal cardTerminal)
+      throws CardNotSupportedException {
+    
+    if(card == null) {
+      SignatureCard sCard = new SWCard();
+      sCard.init(card, cardTerminal);
+      return sCard;
+    }
+
+    ATR atr = card.getATR();
+    Iterator<SupportedCard> cards = supportedCards.iterator();
+    while (cards.hasNext()) {
+      SupportedCard supportedCard = cards.next();
+      if(supportedCard.matches(atr)) {
+        
+        ClassLoader cl = SignatureCardFactory.class.getClassLoader();
+        SignatureCard sc;
+        try {
+          Class<?> scClass = cl.loadClass(supportedCard.getImplementationClassName());
+          sc = (SignatureCard) scClass.newInstance();
+          
+          sc = ExclSignatureCardProxy.newInstance(sc);
+          
+          sc.init(card, cardTerminal);
+
+          return sc;
+
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+          log.warn("Cannot find signature card implementation class.", e);
+          throw new CardNotSupportedException("Cannot find signature card implementation class.", e);
+        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+          log.warn("Failed to instantiate signature card implementation.", e);
+          throw new CardNotSupportedException("Failed to instantiate signature card implementation.", e);
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+          log.warn("Failed to instantiate signature card implementation.", e);
+          throw new CardNotSupportedException("Failed to instantiate signature card implementation.", e);
+        }
+        
+      }
+    }
+    
+    throw new CardNotSupportedException("Card not supported: ATR=" + toString(atr.getBytes()));
+    
+  }
+  
+  public static String toString(byte[] b) {
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    if (b != null && b.length > 0) {
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[0] & 240) >> 4));
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[0] & 15));
+    }
+    for(int i = 1; i < b.length; i++) {
+      sb.append(':');
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[i] & 240) >> 4));
+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 15));
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/TimeoutException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/TimeoutException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d14a4c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/TimeoutException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class TimeoutException extends SignatureCardException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public TimeoutException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  public TimeoutException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  public TimeoutException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public TimeoutException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/VerificationFailedException.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/VerificationFailedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa066ff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/VerificationFailedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class VerificationFailedException extends SignatureCardException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public static final int UNKNOWN = -1;
+  
+  private int retries = UNKNOWN;
+  
+  public VerificationFailedException() {
+  }
+
+  public VerificationFailedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+
+  public VerificationFailedException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public VerificationFailedException(Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+  public VerificationFailedException(int retries) {
+    this.retries = retries;
+  }
+
+  public VerificationFailedException(int retries, String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+    this.retries = retries;
+  }
+
+  public VerificationFailedException(int retries, String message) {
+    super(message);
+    this.retries = retries;
+  }
+
+  public VerificationFailedException(int retries, Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+    this.retries = retries;
+  }
+
+  public int getRetries() {
+    return retries;
+  }
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/VerifyAPDUSpec.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/VerifyAPDUSpec.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23c1f0fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/VerifyAPDUSpec.java
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc;
+
+public class VerifyAPDUSpec {
+  
+  public static final int PIN_JUSTIFICATION_LEFT = 0;
+  
+  public static final int PIN_JUSTIFICATION_RIGHT = 1;
+  
+  public static final int PIN_FORMAT_BINARY = 0;
+  
+  public static final int PIN_FORMAT_BCD = 1;
+  
+  public static final int PIN_FORMAT_ASCII = 2; 
+  
+  /**
+   * The APDU template.
+   */
+  protected byte[] apdu;
+  
+  /**
+   * The PIN position in bytes.
+   */
+  protected int pinPosition;
+  
+  /**
+   * The PIN justification (either {@link #PIN_JUSTIFICATION_LEFT} or
+   * {@link #PIN_JUSTIFICATION_RIGHT}).
+   */
+  protected int pinJustification = PIN_JUSTIFICATION_LEFT;
+
+  /**
+   * The PIN encoding format (one of {@value #PIN_FORMAT_BCD},
+   * {@link #PIN_FORMAT_ASCII}).
+   */
+  protected int pinFormat;
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the PIN length in bits or 0 for no PIN length. (Default: 0)
+   */
+  protected int pinLengthSize = 0;
+  
+  /**
+   * The PIN length in the template in bytes.
+   */
+  protected int pinLength;
+  
+  /**
+   * The PIN length position in the template in bits or 0 for no PIN length.
+   * (Default: 0)
+   */
+  protected int pinLengthPos = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * @param apdu
+   * @param pinPosition
+   * @param pinFormat
+   * @param pinLength TODO
+   */
+  public VerifyAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pinPosition, int pinFormat, int pinLength) {
+    super();
+    this.apdu = apdu;
+    this.pinPosition = pinPosition;
+    this.pinFormat = pinFormat;
+    this.pinLength = pinLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param apdu
+   * @param pinPosition
+   * @param pinFormat
+   * @param pinLength
+   * @param pinLengthSize
+   * @param pinLengthPos
+   */
+  public VerifyAPDUSpec(byte[] apdu, int pinPosition, int pinFormat,
+      int pinLength, int pinLengthSize, int pinLengthPos) {
+    super();
+    this.apdu = apdu;
+    this.pinPosition = pinPosition;
+    this.pinFormat = pinFormat;
+    this.pinLength = pinLength;
+    this.pinLengthSize = pinLengthSize;
+    this.pinLengthPos = pinLengthPos;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the apdu
+   */
+  public byte[] getApdu() {
+    return apdu;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param apdu the apdu to set
+   */
+  public void setApdu(byte[] apdu) {
+    this.apdu = apdu;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinPosition
+   */
+  public int getPinPosition() {
+    return pinPosition;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinPosition the pinPosition to set
+   */
+  public void setPinPosition(int pinPosition) {
+    this.pinPosition = pinPosition;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinJustification
+   */
+  public int getPinJustification() {
+    return pinJustification;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinJustification the pinJustification to set
+   */
+  public void setPinJustification(int pinJustification) {
+    this.pinJustification = pinJustification;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinFormat
+   */
+  public int getPinFormat() {
+    return pinFormat;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinFormat the pinFormat to set
+   */
+  public void setPinFormat(int pinFormat) {
+    this.pinFormat = pinFormat;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinLengthSize
+   */
+  public int getPinLengthSize() {
+    return pinLengthSize;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinLengthSize the pinLengthSize to set
+   */
+  public void setPinLengthSize(int pinLengthSize) {
+    this.pinLengthSize = pinLengthSize;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinLength
+   */
+  public int getPinLength() {
+    return pinLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinLength the pinLength to set
+   */
+  public void setPinLength(int pinLength) {
+    this.pinLength = pinLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the pinLengthPos
+   */
+  public int getPinLengthPos() {
+    return pinLengthPos;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param pinLengthPos the pinLengthPos to set
+   */
+  public void setPinLengthPos(int pinLengthPos) {
+    this.pinLengthPos = pinLengthPos;
+  }
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/conf/SMCCConfiguration.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/conf/SMCCConfiguration.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..136ca283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/conf/SMCCConfiguration.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+ * Graz University of Technology
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.conf;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public class SMCCConfiguration {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  boolean disablePinpad;
+
+  /**
+   * @return the disablePinpad
+   */
+  public boolean isDisablePinpad() {
+    return disablePinpad;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param disablePinpad the disablePinpad to set
+   */
+  public void setDisablePinpad(boolean disablePinpad) {
+    this.disablePinpad = disablePinpad;
+  }
+
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/ModifyPINGUI.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/ModifyPINGUI.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00dc2d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/ModifyPINGUI.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec;
+
+
+public interface ModifyPINGUI extends ModifyPINProvider {
+
+  void modifyPINDirect(PINSpec spec, int retries) throws CancelledException, InterruptedException;
+  void finishDirect();
+
+  void enterCurrentPIN(PINSpec spec, int retries);
+  void enterNewPIN(PINSpec spec);
+  void confirmNewPIN(PINSpec spec);
+  void validKeyPressed();
+  void correctionButtonPressed();
+  void allKeysCleared();
+  /** called prior to MODIFY_PIN_FINISH control command transmission (clear display or display wait message) */
+  void finish();
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/ModifyPINProvider.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/ModifyPINProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36f0097d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/ModifyPINProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec;
+
+
+/**
+ * user interface for "software pin-entry" of
+ * <ul>
+ * <li> current pin and new pin (change pin)
+ * <li> new pin (pin activation, no current pin)
+ * <li> puk and new pin (probably verify only?)
+ * </ul>
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public interface ModifyPINProvider {
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param spec
+   * @param retries
+   * @return null if no old value for this pin
+   * @throws at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException if cancelled by user
+   * @throws java.lang.InterruptedException
+   */
+  public char[] provideCurrentPIN(PINSpec spec, int retries)
+          throws CancelledException, InterruptedException;
+
+  public char[] provideNewPIN(PINSpec spec)
+          throws CancelledException, InterruptedException;
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/PINGUI.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/PINGUI.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5199977b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/PINGUI.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec;
+
+
+/**
+ * Display messages for pinpad pin-entry.
+ * Provides an interface for two types of pinpad pin-entry: pinpad-direct and pinpad-start/finish
+ * @author clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at
+ */
+public interface PINGUI extends PINProvider {
+
+  void enterPINDirect(PINSpec spec, int retries)
+          throws CancelledException, InterruptedException;
+  
+  /**
+   * @throws CancelledException, InterruptedException if signature-data dialog is interrupted or cancelled
+   */
+  void enterPIN(PINSpec spec, int retries)
+          throws CancelledException, InterruptedException;
+  void validKeyPressed();
+  void correctionButtonPressed();
+  void allKeysCleared();
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/PINProvider.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/PINProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7443ee30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/pin/gui/PINProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec;
+
+
+/**
+ * The number of retries is not fixed and there is no way (?) to obtain this value.
+ * A PINProvider should therefore maintain an internal retry counter or flag
+ * to decide whether or not to warn the user (num retries passed in providePIN).
+ *
+ * Therefore PINProvider objects should not be reused.
+ *
+ * (ACOS: reload counter: between 0 and 15, where 15 meens deactivated)
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public interface PINProvider {
+
+  /**
+   * TODO change interface to void providePIN(char[] pin, pinspec, retries)
+   * to allow caller to clear pin afterwards.
+   *
+   * @param spec
+   * @param retries num of remaining retries or -1 if unknown
+   * (a positive value does <em>not</em> necessarily signify that there was
+   * already an unsuccessful PIN verification)
+   * @return pin != null
+   * @throws at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException
+   * @throws java.lang.InterruptedException
+   */
+  char[] providePIN(PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+          throws CancelledException, InterruptedException;
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/CardReader.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/CardReader.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1246dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/CardReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+ * Graz University of Technology
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.reader;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.SignatureCardException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.VerifyAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.ModifyPINGUI;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public interface CardReader {
+
+
+  String[] FEATURES = new String[]{"NO_FEATURE",
+    "FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_START",
+    "FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_FINISH",
+    "FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_START",
+    "FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_FINISH",
+    "FEATURE_GET_KEY_PRESSED",
+    "FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT",
+    "FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT",
+    "FEATURE_MCT_READER_DIRECT",
+    "FEATURE_MCT_UNIVERSAL",
+    "FEATURE_IFD_PIN_PROPERTIES",
+    "FEATURE_ABORT",
+    "FEATURE_SET_SPE_MESSAGE",
+    "FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT_APP_ID",
+    "FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT_APP_ID",
+    "FEATURE_WRITE_DISPLAY",
+    "FEATURE_GET_KEY",
+    "FEATURE_IFD_DISPLAY_PROPERTIES"};
+
+  Byte FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_START = new Byte((byte) 0x01);
+  Byte FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_FINISH = new Byte((byte) 0x02);
+  Byte FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_START = new Byte((byte) 0x03);
+  Byte FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_FINISH = new Byte((byte) 0x04);
+  Byte FEATURE_GET_KEY_PRESSED = new Byte((byte) 0x05);
+  Byte FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT = new Byte((byte) 0x06);
+  Byte FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT = new Byte((byte) 0x07);
+  Byte FEATURE_MCT_READER_DIRECT = new Byte((byte) 0x08);
+  Byte FEATURE_MCT_UNIVERSAL = new Byte((byte) 0x09);
+  Byte FEATURE_IFD_PIN_PROPERTIES = new Byte((byte) 0x0a);
+  //TODO continue list
+
+
+  Card connect() throws CardException;
+
+  boolean hasFeature(Byte feature);
+
+  ResponseAPDU verify(CardChannel channel, VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          PINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+      throws CancelledException, InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException;
+
+  ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+      throws CancelledException, InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException;
+
+  ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec)
+      throws CancelledException, InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException;
+
+  ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+      throws CancelledException, InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException;
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/DefaultCardReader.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/DefaultCardReader.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03a794fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/DefaultCardReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+ * Graz University of Technology
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.reader;
+
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.SignatureCardException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.VerifyAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.ModifyPINGUI;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.ISO7816Utils;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public class DefaultCardReader implements CardReader {
+
+  protected final static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(DefaultCardReader.class);
+
+  protected CardTerminal ct;
+  protected String name;
+
+  public DefaultCardReader(CardTerminal ct) {
+    if (ct == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException("no card or card terminal provided");
+    }
+    this.ct = ct;
+    this.name = ct.getName();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU verify(CardChannel channel, VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          PINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+        throws SignatureCardException, CardException, InterruptedException {
+
+    log.debug("VERIFY");
+    return channel.transmit(ISO7816Utils.createVerifyAPDU(apduSpec, pinGUI.providePIN(pinSpec, retries)));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+        throws SignatureCardException, CardException, InterruptedException {
+    log.debug("MODIFY (CHANGE_REFERENCE_DATA)");
+    char[] oldPIN = pinGUI.provideCurrentPIN(pinSpec, retries);
+    char[] newPIN = pinGUI.provideNewPIN(pinSpec);
+    return channel.transmit(ISO7816Utils.createChangeReferenceDataAPDU(apduSpec, oldPIN, newPIN));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec)
+        throws SignatureCardException, CardException, InterruptedException {
+    log.debug("MODIFY (NEW_REFERENCE_DATA)");
+    char[] newPIN = pinGUI.provideNewPIN(pinSpec);
+    return channel.transmit(ISO7816Utils.createNewReferenceDataAPDU(apduSpec, newPIN));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+          throws InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    log.debug("MODIFY (RESET_RETRY_COUNTER)");
+    //TODO
+    return modify(channel, (ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec) apduSpec, pinGUI, pinSpec, retries);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Card connect() throws CardException {
+    log.debug("connect icc");
+    return ct.connect("*");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasFeature(Byte feature) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/PinpadCardReader.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/PinpadCardReader.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2537af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/PinpadCardReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+ * Graz University of Technology
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.reader;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.CancelledException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINConfirmationException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINFormatException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINOperationAbortedException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.PINSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.SignatureCardException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.TimeoutException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.VerifyAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.ModifyPINGUI;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.pin.gui.PINGUI;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.SMCCHelper;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public class PinpadCardReader extends DefaultCardReader {
+
+  public static final int PIN_ENTRY_POLLING_INTERVAL = 10;
+
+  protected final static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(PinpadCardReader.class);
+
+  protected byte bEntryValidationCondition = 0x02;  // validation key pressed
+  protected byte bTimeOut = 0x3c;                   // 60sec (= max on ReinerSCT)
+  protected byte bTimeOut2 = 0x00;                  // default (attention with SCM)
+  protected byte wPINMaxExtraDigitH = 0x00;         // min pin length zero digits
+  protected byte wPINMaxExtraDigitL = 0x0c;         // max pin length 12 digits
+
+  /**
+   * supported features and respective control codes
+   */
+  protected Map<Byte, Integer> features;
+  protected boolean VERIFY, MODIFY, VERIFY_DIRECT, MODIFY_DIRECT;
+
+  public PinpadCardReader(CardTerminal ct, Map<Byte, Integer> features) {
+    super(ct);
+    if (features == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException("Pinpad card reader does not support any features");
+    }
+    this.features = features;
+
+    if (features.containsKey(FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_START) &&
+        features.containsKey(FEATURE_GET_KEY_PRESSED) &&
+        features.containsKey(FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_FINISH)) {
+      VERIFY = true;
+    }
+    if (features.containsKey(FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_START) &&
+        features.containsKey(FEATURE_GET_KEY_PRESSED) &&
+        features.containsKey(FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_FINISH)) {
+      MODIFY = true;
+    }
+    if (features.containsKey(FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT)) {
+      VERIFY_DIRECT = true;
+    }
+    if (features.containsKey(FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT)) {
+      MODIFY_DIRECT = true;
+    }
+
+    if (name != null) {
+      name = name.toLowerCase();
+      //ReinerSCT: http://support.reiner-sct.de/downloads/LINUX
+      //           http://www.linux-club.de/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=101287&start=0
+      //old: REINER SCT CyberJack 00 00
+      //new (CCID): 0C4B/0300 Reiner-SCT cyberJack pinpad(a) 00 00
+      //Snow Leopard: Reiner-SCT cyberJack pinpad(a) 00 00
+      //display: REINER SCT CyberJack 00 00
+      if(name.startsWith("gemplus gempc pinpad") || name.startsWith("gemalto gempc pinpad")) {
+        log.debug("setting custom wPINMaxExtraDigitH (0x04) for " + name);
+        wPINMaxExtraDigitH = 0x04;
+        log.debug("setting custom wPINMaxExtraDigitL (0x08) for " + name);
+        wPINMaxExtraDigitL = 0x08;
+      } else if (name.startsWith("omnikey cardman 3621")) {
+        log.debug("setting custom wPINMaxExtraDigitH (0x01) for " + name);
+        wPINMaxExtraDigitH = 0x01;
+      } else if (name.startsWith("scm spr 532") || name.startsWith("scm microsystems inc. sprx32 usb smart card reader")) {
+        log.debug("setting custom bTimeOut (0x3c) for " + name);
+        bTimeOut = 0x3c;
+        log.debug("setting custom bTimeOut2 (0x0f) for " + name);
+        bTimeOut2 = 0x0f;
+      } else if (name.startsWith("cherry smartboard xx44")) {
+        log.debug("setting custom wPINMaxExtraDigitH (0x01) for " + name);
+        wPINMaxExtraDigitH = 0x01;
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasFeature(Byte feature) {
+    return features.containsKey(feature);
+  }
+  
+  private void VERIFY_PIN_START(Card icc, byte[] PIN_VERIFY) throws CardException {
+    int ioctl = features.get(FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_START);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("VERIFY_PIN_START (" + Integer.toHexString(ioctl) +
+              ")  " + SMCCHelper.toString(PIN_VERIFY));
+    }
+    byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(ioctl, PIN_VERIFY);
+    if (resp != null && resp.length > 0) {
+      if (resp[0] == (byte) 0x57) {
+        log.error("Invalid parameter in PIN_VERIFY structure");
+        throw new CardException("ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER");
+      } else {
+        log.error("unexpected response to VERIFY_PIN_START: " +
+                SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+        throw new CardException("unexpected response to VERIFY_PIN_START: " +
+                SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private byte GET_KEY_PRESSED(Card icc) throws CardException {
+    int ioctl = features.get(FEATURE_GET_KEY_PRESSED);
+    byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(ioctl, new byte[0]);
+    if (resp != null && resp.length == 1) {
+//      if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+//        log.trace("response " + SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+//      }
+      return resp[0];
+    }
+    log.error("unexpected response to GET_KEY_PRESSED: " +
+            SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+    throw new CardException("unexpected response to GET_KEY_PRESSED: " +
+            SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+  }
+
+  private byte[] VERIFY_PIN_FINISH(Card icc) throws CardException {
+    int ioctl = features.get(FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_FINISH);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("VERIFY_PIN_FINISH (" + Integer.toHexString(ioctl) + ")");
+    }
+    byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(ioctl, new byte[0]);
+    if (resp != null && resp.length == 2) {
+      if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+        log.trace("response " + SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+      }
+      return resp;
+    }
+    log.error("unexpected response to VERIFY_PIN_FINISH: " +
+            SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+    throw new CardException("unexpected response to VERIFY_PIN_FINISH: " +
+            SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+  }
+
+  private void MODIFY_PIN_START(Card icc, byte[] PIN_MODIFY) throws CardException {
+    int ioctl = features.get(FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_START);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("MODFIY_PIN_START (" + Integer.toHexString(ioctl) +
+              ")  " + SMCCHelper.toString(PIN_MODIFY));
+    }
+    byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(ioctl, PIN_MODIFY);
+    if (resp != null && resp.length > 0) {
+      if (resp[0] == (byte) 0x57) {
+        log.error("Invalid parameter in PIN_MODIFY structure");
+        throw new CardException("ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER");
+      } else {
+        log.error("unexpected response to MODIFY_PIN_START: " +
+                SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+        throw new CardException("unexpected response to MODIFY_PIN_START: " +
+                SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private byte[] MODIFY_PIN_FINISH(Card icc) throws CardException {
+    int ioctl = features.get(FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_FINISH);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("MODIFY_PIN_FINISH (" + Integer.toHexString(ioctl) + ")");
+    }
+    byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(ioctl, new byte[0]);
+    if (resp != null && resp.length == 2) {
+      if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+        log.trace("response " + SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+      }
+      return resp;
+    }
+    log.error("unexpected response to MODIFY_PIN_FINISH: " +
+            SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+    throw new CardException("unexpected response to MODIFY_PIN_FINISH: " +
+            SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+  }
+
+  private byte[] VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT(Card icc, byte[] PIN_VERIFY) throws CardException {
+    int ioctl = features.get(FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT (" + Integer.toHexString(ioctl) +
+              ")  " + SMCCHelper.toString(PIN_VERIFY));
+    }
+    byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(ioctl, PIN_VERIFY);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("response " + SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+    }
+    return resp;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] verifyPin(Card icc, byte[] PIN_VERIFY, PINGUI pinGUI) 
+          throws SignatureCardException, CardException, InterruptedException {
+
+//    pinGUI.enterPIN(pinSpec, retries);
+
+    log.debug("VERIFY_PIN_START [" + FEATURES[FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_START] + "]");
+    VERIFY_PIN_START(icc, PIN_VERIFY);
+
+    byte resp;
+    do {
+      resp = GET_KEY_PRESSED(icc);
+      if (resp == (byte) 0x00) {
+        synchronized(this) {
+          try {
+            wait(PIN_ENTRY_POLLING_INTERVAL);
+          } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+            log.error("interrupted in VERIFY_PIN");
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x0d) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x0d (user confirmed)");
+        break;
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x2b) {
+        log.trace("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x2b (user entered valid key 0-9)");
+        pinGUI.validKeyPressed();
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x1b) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x1b (user cancelled VERIFY_PIN via cancel button)");
+        break; // returns 0x6401
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x08) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x08 (user pressed correction/backspace button)");
+        pinGUI.correctionButtonPressed();
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x0e) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x0e (timeout occured)");
+        break; // return 0x6400
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x40) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x40 (PIN_Operation_Aborted)");
+        throw new PINOperationAbortedException("PIN_Operation_Aborted (0x40)");
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x0a) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x0a (all keys cleared");
+        pinGUI.allKeysCleared();
+      } else {
+        log.error("unexpected response to GET_KEY_PRESSED: " +
+            Integer.toHexString(resp));
+        throw new CardException("unexpected response to GET_KEY_PRESSED: " +
+            Integer.toHexString(resp));
+      }
+    } while (true); 
+
+    return VERIFY_PIN_FINISH(icc);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * does not display the first pin dialog (enterCurrentPIN or enterNewPIN, depends on bConfirmPIN),
+   * since this is easier to do in calling modify()
+   */
+  private byte[] modifyPin(Card icc, byte[] PIN_MODIFY, ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pINSpec)
+          throws PINOperationAbortedException, CardException {
+
+    byte pinConfirmations = (byte) 0x00; //b0: new pin not entered (0) / entered (1)
+                                         //b1: current pin not entered (0) / entered (1)
+    byte bConfirmPIN = PIN_MODIFY[9];
+    
+//    if ((bConfirmPIN & (byte) 0x02) == 0) {
+//      log.debug("no current PIN entry requested");
+//      pinGUI.enterNewPIN(pINSpec);
+//    } else {
+//      log.debug("current PIN entry requested");
+//      pinGUI.enterCurrentPIN(pINSpec, retries);
+//    }
+
+    log.debug("MODIFY_PIN_START [" + FEATURES[FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_START] + "]");
+    MODIFY_PIN_START(icc, PIN_MODIFY);
+
+    byte resp;
+    while (true) {
+      resp = GET_KEY_PRESSED(icc);
+      if (resp == (byte) 0x00) {
+        synchronized(this) {
+          try {
+            wait(PIN_ENTRY_POLLING_INTERVAL);
+          } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+            log.error("interrupted in MODIFY_PIN");
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x0d) {
+        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+          log.trace("requested pin confirmations: 0b" + Integer.toBinaryString(bConfirmPIN & 0xff));
+          log.trace("performed pin confirmations: 0b" + Integer.toBinaryString(pinConfirmations & 0xff));
+        }
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x0d (user confirmed)");
+        if (pinConfirmations == bConfirmPIN) {
+          break;
+        } else if ((bConfirmPIN & (byte) 0x02) == 0 ||
+            (pinConfirmations & (byte) 0x02) == (byte) 0x02) {
+          // no current pin entry or current pin entry already performed
+          if ((pinConfirmations & (byte) 0x01) == 0) {
+            // new pin
+            pinConfirmations |= (byte) 0x01;
+            pinGUI.confirmNewPIN(pINSpec);
+          } // else: new pin confirmed
+        } else {
+          // current pin entry
+          pinConfirmations |= (byte) 0x02;
+          pinGUI.enterNewPIN(pINSpec);
+        }
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x2b) {
+        log.trace("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x2b (user entered valid key 0-9)");
+        pinGUI.validKeyPressed();
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x1b) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x1b (user cancelled VERIFY_PIN via cancel button)");
+        break; // returns 0x6401
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x08) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x08 (user pressed correction/backspace button)");
+        pinGUI.correctionButtonPressed();
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x0e) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x0e (timeout occured)");
+        break; // return 0x6400
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x40) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x40 (PIN_Operation_Aborted)");
+        throw new PINOperationAbortedException("PIN_Operation_Aborted (0x40)");
+      } else if (resp == (byte) 0x0a) {
+        log.debug("GET_KEY_PRESSED: 0x0a (all keys cleared");
+        pinGUI.allKeysCleared();
+      } else {
+        log.error("unexpected response to GET_KEY_PRESSED: " +
+            Integer.toHexString(resp));
+        throw new CardException("unexpected response to GET_KEY_PRESSED: " +
+            Integer.toHexString(resp));
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    pinGUI.finish();
+    return MODIFY_PIN_FINISH(icc);
+  }
+
+  private byte[] MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT(Card icc, byte[] PIN_MODIFY) throws CardException {
+    int ioctl = features.get(FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT (" + Integer.toHexString(ioctl) +
+              ")  " + SMCCHelper.toString(PIN_MODIFY));
+    }
+    byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(ioctl, PIN_MODIFY);
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("response " + SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+    }
+    return resp;
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] createPINModifyStructure(NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec, PINSpec pinSpec) {
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream s = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    // bTimeOut
+    s.write(bTimeOut);
+    // bTimeOut2
+    s.write(bTimeOut2);
+    // bmFormatString
+    s.write(1 << 7 // system unit = byte
+        | (0xF & apduSpec.getPinPosition()) << 3
+        | (0x1 & apduSpec.getPinJustification() << 2)
+        | (0x3 & apduSpec.getPinFormat()));
+    // bmPINBlockString
+    s.write((0xF & apduSpec.getPinLengthSize()) << 4
+        | (0xF & apduSpec.getPinLength()));
+    // bmPINLengthFormat
+    s.write(// system unit = bit
+        (0xF & apduSpec.getPinLengthPos()));
+    // bInsertionOffsetOld
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // bInsertionOffsetNew
+    s.write(apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetNew());
+    // wPINMaxExtraDigit
+    s.write(Math.min(pinSpec.getMaxLength(), wPINMaxExtraDigitL));
+    s.write(Math.max(pinSpec.getMinLength(), wPINMaxExtraDigitH));
+    // bConfirmPIN
+    s.write(0x01);
+    // bEntryValidationCondition
+    s.write(bEntryValidationCondition);
+    // bNumberMessage
+    s.write(0x02);
+    // wLangId English (United States), see http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/USB_LANGIDs.pdf
+    s.write(0x09);
+    s.write(0x04);
+    // bMsgIndex1
+    s.write(0x01);
+    // bMsgIndex2
+    s.write(0x02);
+    // bMsgIndex3
+    s.write(0x00);
+
+    // bTeoPrologue
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // ulDataLength
+    s.write(apduSpec.getApdu().length);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // abData
+    try {
+      s.write(apduSpec.getApdu());
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // As we are dealing with ByteArrayOutputStreams no exception is to be
+      // expected.
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    return s.toByteArray();
+
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] createPINModifyStructure(ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec, PINSpec pinSpec) {
+    //TODO bInsertionOffsetOld (0x00), bConfirmPIN (0x01), bNumberMessage (0x02), bMsgIndex1/2/3
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream s = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    // bTimeOut
+    s.write(bTimeOut);
+    // bTimeOut2
+    s.write(bTimeOut2);
+    // bmFormatString
+    s.write(1 << 7 // system unit = byte
+        | (0xF & apduSpec.getPinPosition()) << 3
+        | (0x1 & apduSpec.getPinJustification() << 2)
+        | (0x3 & apduSpec.getPinFormat()));
+    // bmPINBlockString
+    s.write((0xF & apduSpec.getPinLengthSize()) << 4
+        | (0xF & apduSpec.getPinLength()));
+    // bmPINLengthFormat
+    s.write(// system unit = bit
+        (0xF & apduSpec.getPinLengthPos()));
+    // bInsertionOffsetOld (0x00 for no old pin?)
+    s.write(apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetOld());
+    // bInsertionOffsetNew
+    s.write(apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetNew());
+    // wPINMaxExtraDigit
+    s.write(Math.min(pinSpec.getMaxLength(), wPINMaxExtraDigitL));
+    s.write(Math.max(pinSpec.getMinLength(), wPINMaxExtraDigitH));
+    // bConfirmPIN
+    s.write(0x03);
+    // bEntryValidationCondition
+    s.write(bEntryValidationCondition);
+    // bNumberMessage
+    s.write(0x03);
+    // wLangId English (United States), see http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/USB_LANGIDs.pdf
+    s.write(0x09);
+    s.write(0x04);
+    // bMsgIndex1
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // bMsgIndex2
+    s.write(0x01);
+    // bMsgIndex3
+    s.write(0x02);
+    
+    // bTeoPrologue
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // ulDataLength
+    s.write(apduSpec.getApdu().length);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // abData
+    try {
+      s.write(apduSpec.getApdu());
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // As we are dealing with ByteArrayOutputStreams no exception is to be
+      // expected.
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+    
+    return s.toByteArray();
+
+  }
+  
+  protected byte[] createPINVerifyStructure(VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec, PINSpec pinSpec) {
+    
+    ByteArrayOutputStream s = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    // bTimeOut
+    s.write(bTimeOut);
+    // bTimeOut2
+    s.write(bTimeOut2);
+    // bmFormatString
+    s.write(1 << 7 // system unit = byte
+        | (0xF & apduSpec.getPinPosition()) << 3
+        | (0x1 & apduSpec.getPinJustification() << 2)
+        | (0x3 & apduSpec.getPinFormat()));
+    // bmPINBlockString
+    s.write((0xF & apduSpec.getPinLengthSize()) << 4
+        | (0xF & apduSpec.getPinLength()));
+    // bmPINLengthFormat
+    s.write(// system unit = bit
+        (0xF & apduSpec.getPinLengthPos()));
+    // wPINMaxExtraDigit
+    s.write(Math.min(pinSpec.getMaxLength(), wPINMaxExtraDigitL)); // max PIN length
+    s.write(Math.max(pinSpec.getMinLength(), wPINMaxExtraDigitH)); // min PIN length
+    // bEntryValidationCondition
+    s.write(bEntryValidationCondition);
+    // bNumberMessage
+    s.write(0x01);
+    // wLangId
+    s.write(0x09);
+    s.write(0x04);
+    // bMsgIndex
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // bTeoPrologue
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // ulDataLength
+    s.write(apduSpec.getApdu().length);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    s.write(0x00);
+    // abData
+    try {
+      s.write(apduSpec.getApdu());
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // As we are dealing with ByteArrayOutputStreams no exception is to be
+      // expected.
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+    
+    return s.toByteArray();
+    
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU verify(CardChannel channel, VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          PINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+        throws SignatureCardException, CardException, InterruptedException {
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = null;
+
+    byte[] s = createPINVerifyStructure(apduSpec, pinSpec);
+    Card icc = channel.getCard();
+
+    if (VERIFY) {
+      pinGUI.enterPIN(pinSpec, retries);
+      resp = new ResponseAPDU(verifyPin(icc, s, pinGUI));
+    } else if (VERIFY_DIRECT) {
+      pinGUI.enterPINDirect(pinSpec, retries);
+      log.debug("VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT [" + FEATURES[FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT] + "]");
+      resp = new ResponseAPDU(VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT(icc, s));
+    } else {
+      log.warn("falling back to default pin-entry");
+      return super.verify(channel, apduSpec, pinGUI, pinSpec, retries);
+    }
+
+    switch (resp.getSW()) {
+      case 0x6400:
+        log.debug("SPE operation timed out.");
+        throw new TimeoutException();
+      case 0x6401:
+        log.debug("SPE operation was cancelled by the 'Cancel' button.");
+        throw new CancelledException();
+      case 0x6403:
+          log.debug("User entered too short or too long PIN "
+              + "regarding MIN/MAX PIN length.");
+          throw new PINFormatException();
+      case 0x6480:
+        log.debug("SPE operation was aborted by the 'Cancel' operation "
+            + "at the host system.");
+      case 0x6b80:
+        log.info("Invalid parameter in passed structure.");
+      default:
+        return resp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+        throws SignatureCardException, CardException, InterruptedException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = null;
+
+    byte[] s = createPINModifyStructure(apduSpec, pinSpec);
+    Card icc = channel.getCard();
+    
+    if (MODIFY) {
+      pinGUI.enterCurrentPIN(pinSpec, retries);
+      resp = new ResponseAPDU(modifyPin(icc, s, pinGUI, pinSpec));
+    } else if (MODIFY_DIRECT) {
+      pinGUI.modifyPINDirect(pinSpec, retries);
+      log.debug("MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT [" + FEATURES[FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT] + "]");
+      resp = new ResponseAPDU(MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT(icc, s));
+    } else {
+      log.warn("falling back to default pin-entry");
+      return super.modify(channel, apduSpec, pinGUI, pinSpec, retries);
+    }
+
+    switch (resp.getSW()) {
+      case 0x6400:
+        log.debug("SPE operation timed out.");
+        throw new TimeoutException();
+      case 0x6401:
+        log.debug("SPE operation was cancelled by the 'Cancel' button.");
+        throw new CancelledException();
+      case 0x6402:
+        log.debug("Modify PIN operation failed because two 'new PIN' " +
+                "entries do not match");
+        throw new PINConfirmationException();
+      case 0x6403:
+        log.debug("User entered too short or too long PIN "
+              + "regarding MIN/MAX PIN length.");
+        throw new PINFormatException();
+      case 0x6480:
+        log.debug("SPE operation was aborted by the 'Cancel' operation "
+            + "at the host system.");
+      case 0x6b80:
+        log.info("Invalid parameter in passed structure.");
+      default:
+        return resp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec)
+        throws SignatureCardException, CardException, InterruptedException {
+
+    ResponseAPDU resp = null;
+
+    byte[] s = createPINModifyStructure(apduSpec, pinSpec);
+    Card icc = channel.getCard();
+
+    if (MODIFY) {
+      pinGUI.enterNewPIN(pinSpec);
+      resp = new ResponseAPDU(modifyPin(icc, s, pinGUI, pinSpec));
+    } else if (MODIFY_DIRECT) {
+      pinGUI.modifyPINDirect(pinSpec, -1);
+      log.debug("MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT [" + FEATURES[FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT] + "]");
+      resp = new ResponseAPDU(MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT(icc, s));
+    } else {
+      log.warn("falling back to default pin-entry");
+      return super.modify(channel, apduSpec, pinGUI, pinSpec);
+    }
+
+    switch (resp.getSW()) {
+      case 0x6400:
+        log.debug("SPE operation timed out.");
+        throw new TimeoutException();
+      case 0x6401:
+        log.debug("SPE operation was cancelled by the 'Cancel' button.");
+        throw new CancelledException();
+      case 0x6402:
+        log.debug("Modify PIN operation failed because two 'new PIN' " +
+                "entries do not match");
+        throw new PINConfirmationException();
+      case 0x6403:
+        log.debug("User entered too short or too long PIN "
+              + "regarding MIN/MAX PIN length.");
+        throw new PINFormatException();
+      case 0x6480:
+        log.debug("SPE operation was aborted by the 'Cancel' operation "
+            + "at the host system.");
+      case 0x6b80:
+        log.info("Invalid parameter in passed structure.");
+      default:
+        return resp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ResponseAPDU modify(CardChannel channel, ResetRetryCounterAPDUSpec apduSpec,
+          ModifyPINGUI pinGUI, PINSpec pinSpec, int retries)
+          throws InterruptedException, CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    //TODO
+    return modify(channel, (ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec) apduSpec, pinGUI, pinSpec, retries);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/ReaderFactory.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/ReaderFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf1730e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/reader/ReaderFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+ * Graz University of Technology
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.reader;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.conf.SMCCConfiguration;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.util.SMCCHelper;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.smartcardio.Card;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Clemens Orthacker <clemens.orthacker@iaik.tugraz.at>
+ */
+public class ReaderFactory {
+
+  protected final static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ReaderFactory.class);
+  
+  protected static SMCCConfiguration configuration;
+
+  public void setConfiguration(SMCCConfiguration configuration) {
+    if (configuration != null) {
+      log.debug("reader configuration: disablePinpad=" + configuration.isDisablePinpad());
+    }
+    //spring injects configuration into singleton ReaderFactory instance,
+    //but we access the ReaderFactory statically (getReader)
+    //(we rather should query the application context to obtain a reader factory)
+    ReaderFactory.configuration = configuration;
+  }
+
+  public static CardReader getReader(Card icc, CardTerminal ct) {
+
+    String name = ct.getName();
+    log.info("creating reader " + name);
+
+    Map<Byte, Integer> features;
+    if (configuration != null && configuration.isDisablePinpad()) {
+      features = Collections.emptyMap();
+    } else {
+      features = queryFeatures(icc);
+    }
+    
+    CardReader reader;
+    if (features.isEmpty()) {
+      reader = new DefaultCardReader(ct);
+    } else {
+      reader = new PinpadCardReader(ct, features);
+    }
+
+    return reader;
+  }
+
+  private static int CTL_CODE(int code) {
+    String os_name = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
+    if (os_name.indexOf("windows") > -1) {
+      // cf. WinIOCTL.h
+      return (0x31 << 16 | (code) << 2);
+    }
+    // cf. reader.h
+    return 0x42000000 + (code);
+  }
+
+  static int IOCTL_GET_FEATURE_REQUEST = CTL_CODE(3400);
+
+  private static Map<Byte, Integer> queryFeatures(Card icc) {
+    Map<Byte, Integer> features = new HashMap<Byte, Integer>();
+
+    if (icc == null) {
+      log.warn("invalid card handle, cannot query ifd features");
+    } else {
+      try {
+        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+          log.trace("GET_FEATURE_REQUEST " + Integer.toHexString(IOCTL_GET_FEATURE_REQUEST));
+        }
+        byte[] resp = icc.transmitControlCommand(IOCTL_GET_FEATURE_REQUEST,
+                new byte[0]);
+
+        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+          log.trace("Response TLV " + SMCCHelper.toString(resp));
+        }
+        // tag
+        // length in bytes (always 4)
+        // control code value for supported feature (in big endian)
+        for (int i = 0; i < resp.length; i += 6) {
+          Byte feature = new Byte(resp[i]);
+          Integer ioctl = new Integer((0xff & resp[i + 2]) << 24) |
+                  ((0xff & resp[i + 3]) << 16) |
+                  ((0xff & resp[i + 4]) << 8) |
+                  (0xff & resp[i + 5]);
+          if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            log.info("IFD supports " + CardReader.FEATURES[feature.intValue()] +
+                    ": " + Integer.toHexString(ioctl.intValue()));
+          }
+          features.put(feature, ioctl);
+        }
+      } catch (CardException ex) {
+        log.debug("Failed to query IFD features: " + ex.getMessage());
+        log.trace(ex);
+        log.info("IFD does not support secure pin entry");
+      }
+    }
+    return features;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/ISO7816Utils.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/ISO7816Utils.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcd0b876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/ISO7816Utils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.util;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+
+import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
+import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
+import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
+
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.SignatureCardException;
+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.VerifyAPDUSpec;
+
+public class ISO7816Utils {
+  
+  public static TransparentFileInputStream openTransparentFileInputStream(
+      final CardChannel channel, int maxSize) {
+    
+    TransparentFileInputStream file = new TransparentFileInputStream(maxSize) {
+
+      @Override
+      protected byte[] readBinary(int offset, int len) throws IOException {
+
+        ResponseAPDU resp;
+        try {
+          resp = channel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xB0,
+              0x7F & (offset >> 8), offset & 0xFF, len));
+        } catch (CardException e) {
+          throw new IOException(e);
+        }
+
+        Throwable cause;
+        if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+          return resp.getData();
+        } else if (resp.getSW() == 0x6982) {
+          cause = new SecurityStatusNotSatisfiedException();
+        } else {
+          cause = new SignatureCardException("Failed to read bytes (offset=" + offset + ",len="
+              + len + ") SW=" + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()) + ".");
+        }
+        throw new IOException(cause);
+
+      }
+      
+    };
+
+    return file;
+    
+  }
+
+  public static byte[] readTransparentFile(CardChannel channel, int maxSize)
+      throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    TransparentFileInputStream is = openTransparentFileInputStream(channel, maxSize);
+    
+    try {
+
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      
+      int len;
+      for (byte[] b = new byte[256]; (len = is.read(b)) != -1;) {
+        os.write(b, 0, len);
+      }
+      
+      return os.toByteArray();
+      
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      Throwable cause = e.getCause();
+      if (cause instanceof CardException) {
+        throw (CardException) cause;
+      }
+      if (cause instanceof SignatureCardException) {
+        throw (SignatureCardException) cause;
+      }
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  public static byte[] readTransparentFileTLV(CardChannel channel, int maxSize,
+      byte expectedType) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+
+    TransparentFileInputStream is = openTransparentFileInputStream(channel,
+        maxSize);
+    
+    return readTransparentFileTLV(is, maxSize, expectedType);
+
+  }
+  
+  public static byte[] readTransparentFileTLV(TransparentFileInputStream is, int maxSize,
+      byte expectedType) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+
+
+    try {
+
+      is.mark(256);
+
+      // check expected type
+      int b = is.read();
+      if (b == 0x00) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (b == -1 || expectedType != (0xFF & b)) {
+        throw new SignatureCardException("Unexpected TLV type. Expected "
+            + Integer.toHexString(expectedType) + " but was "
+            + Integer.toHexString(b) + ".");
+      }
+
+      // get actual length
+      int actualSize = 2;
+      b = is.read();
+      if (b == -1) {
+        return null;
+      } else if ((0x80 & b) > 0) {
+        int octets = (0x0F & b);
+        actualSize += octets;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= octets; i++) {
+          b = is.read();
+          if (b == -1) {
+            return null;
+          }
+          actualSize += (0xFF & b) << ((octets - i) * 8);
+        }
+      } else {
+        actualSize += 0xFF & b;
+      }
+
+      // set limit to actual size and read into buffer
+      is.reset();
+      is.setLimit(actualSize);
+      byte[] buf = new byte[actualSize];
+      if (is.read(buf) == actualSize) {
+        return buf;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      Throwable cause = e.getCause();
+      if (cause instanceof CardException) {
+        throw (CardException) cause;
+      }
+      if (cause instanceof SignatureCardException) {
+        throw (SignatureCardException) cause;
+      }
+      throw new SignatureCardException(e);
+    }
+
+  }
+  
+  public static int getLengthFromFCx(byte[] fcx) {
+    
+    int len = -1;
+    
+    if (fcx.length != 0 && (fcx[0] == (byte) 0x62 || fcx[0] == (byte) 0x6F)) {
+      int pos = 2;
+      while (pos < (fcx[1] - 2)) {
+        switch (fcx[pos]) {
+        
+        case (byte) 0x80: 
+        case (byte) 0x81: {
+          len = 0xFF & fcx[pos + 2];
+          for (int i = 1; i < fcx[pos + 1]; i++) {
+            len<<=8;
+            len+=0xFF & fcx[pos + i + 2];
+          }
+        }
+
+        default:
+          pos += 0xFF & fcx[pos + 1] + 2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    
+    return len;
+    
+  }
+  
+  public static byte[] readRecord(CardChannel channel, int record) throws CardException, SignatureCardException {
+    
+    ResponseAPDU resp = channel.transmit(
+        new CommandAPDU(0x00, 0xB2, record, 0x04, 256));
+    if (resp.getSW() == 0x9000) {
+      return resp.getData();
+    } else {
+      throw new SignatureCardException("Failed to read records. SW="
+          + Integer.toHexString(resp.getSW()));
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  public static void formatPIN(int pinFormat, int pinJustification, byte[] fpin, byte[] mask, char[] pin) {
+    
+    boolean left = (pinJustification == VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_JUSTIFICATION_LEFT);
+    
+    int j = (left) ? 0 : fpin.length - 1;
+    int step = (left) ? 1 : - 1;
+    switch (pinFormat) {
+      case VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BINARY:
+        if (fpin.length < pin.length) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < pin.length; i++) {
+          fpin[j] = (byte) Character.digit(pin[i], 10);
+          mask[j] = (byte) 0xFF;
+          j += step;
+        }
+        break;
+      
+      case VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_BCD:
+        if (fpin.length * 2 < pin.length) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < pin.length; i++) {
+          int digit = Character.digit(pin[i], 10);
+          boolean h = (i % 2 == 0) ^ left;
+          fpin[j] |= h ? digit : digit << 4 ;
+          mask[j] |= h ? (byte) 0x0F : (byte) 0xF0;
+          j += (i % 2) * step;
+        }
+        break;
+  
+      case VerifyAPDUSpec.PIN_FORMAT_ASCII:
+        if (fpin.length < pin.length) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        byte[] asciiPin = Charset.forName("ASCII").encode(CharBuffer.wrap(pin)).array();
+        for (int i = 0; i < pin.length; i++) {
+          fpin[j] = asciiPin[i];
+          mask[j] = (byte) 0xFF;
+          j += step;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+  
+  }
+  
+  public static void insertPIN(byte[] apdu, int pos, byte[] fpin, byte[] mask) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < fpin.length; i++) {
+      apdu[pos + i] &= ~mask[i];
+      apdu[pos + i] |= fpin[i]; 
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public static void insertPINLength(byte[] apdu, int length, int lengthSize, int pos, int offset) {
+    
+    // use short (2 byte) to be able to shift the pin length
+    // by the number of bits given by the pin length position
+    short size = (short) (0x00FF & length);
+    short sMask = (short) ((1 << lengthSize) - 1);
+    // shift to the proper position 
+    int shift = 16 - lengthSize - (pos % 8);
+    offset += (pos / 8) + 5;
+    size <<= shift;
+    sMask <<= shift;
+    // insert upper byte
+    apdu[offset] &= (0xFF & (~sMask >> 8));
+    apdu[offset] |= (0xFF & (size >> 8));
+    // insert lower byte
+    apdu[offset + 1] &= (0xFF & ~sMask);
+    apdu[offset + 1] |= (0xFF & size);
+    
+  }
+
+  public static CommandAPDU createVerifyAPDU(VerifyAPDUSpec apduSpec, char[] pin) {
+
+    // format pin
+    byte[] fpin = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    byte[] mask = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    formatPIN(apduSpec.getPinFormat(), apduSpec.getPinJustification(), fpin, mask, pin);
+
+    byte[] apdu = apduSpec.getApdu();
+
+    // insert formated pin
+    insertPIN(apdu, apduSpec.getPinPosition() + 5, fpin, mask);
+
+    // insert pin length
+    if (apduSpec.getPinLengthSize() != 0) {
+      insertPINLength(apdu, pin.length, apduSpec.getPinLengthSize(), apduSpec.getPinLengthPos(), 0);
+    }
+
+    return new CommandAPDU(apdu);
+    
+  }
+
+  public static CommandAPDU createChangeReferenceDataAPDU(
+      ChangeReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec, char[] oldPin, char[] newPin) {
+    
+    // format old pin
+    byte[] fpin = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    byte[] mask = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    formatPIN(apduSpec.getPinFormat(), apduSpec.getPinJustification(), fpin, mask, oldPin);
+
+    byte[] apdu = apduSpec.getApdu();
+    
+    // insert formated old pin
+    insertPIN(apdu, apduSpec.getPinPosition() + apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetOld() + 5, fpin, mask);
+
+    // insert pin length
+    if (apduSpec.getPinLengthSize() != 0) {
+      insertPINLength(apdu, oldPin.length, apduSpec.getPinLengthSize(),
+          apduSpec.getPinLengthPos(), apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetOld());
+    }
+
+    // format new pin
+    fpin = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    mask = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    formatPIN(apduSpec.getPinFormat(), apduSpec.getPinJustification(), fpin, mask, newPin);
+    
+    // insert formated new pin
+    insertPIN(apdu, apduSpec.getPinPosition() + apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetNew() + 5, fpin, mask);
+
+    // insert pin length
+    if (apduSpec.getPinLengthSize() != 0) {
+      insertPINLength(apdu, newPin.length, apduSpec.getPinLengthSize(),
+          apduSpec.getPinLengthPos(), apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetNew());
+    }
+
+    return new CommandAPDU(apdu);
+    
+  }
+
+  public static CommandAPDU createNewReferenceDataAPDU(
+      NewReferenceDataAPDUSpec apduSpec, char[] newPin) {
+    
+    // format old pin
+    byte[] fpin = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    byte[] mask = new byte[apduSpec.getPinLength()];
+    formatPIN(apduSpec.getPinFormat(), apduSpec.getPinJustification(), fpin, mask, newPin);
+
+    byte[] apdu = apduSpec.getApdu();
+    
+    // insert formated new pin
+    insertPIN(apdu, apduSpec.getPinPosition() + apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetNew() + 5, fpin, mask);
+
+    // insert pin length
+    if (apduSpec.getPinLengthSize() != 0) {
+      insertPINLength(apdu, newPin.length, apduSpec.getPinLengthSize(),
+          apduSpec.getPinLengthPos(), apduSpec.getPinInsertionOffsetNew());
+    }
+
+    return new CommandAPDU(apdu);
+    
+  }
+
+  
+}
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/SMCCHelper.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/SMCCHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7d3bab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/SMCCHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.util;

+

+import java.util.Locale;

+import java.util.Map;

+

+import javax.smartcardio.ATR;

+import javax.smartcardio.Card;

+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;

+

+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

+

+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.CardNotSupportedException;

+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.SignatureCard;

+import at.gv.egiz.smcc.SignatureCardFactory;

+

+public class SMCCHelper {

+

+  public final static int NO_CARD = 0;

+  public final static int PC_SC_NOT_SUPPORTED = 1;

+  public final static int TERMINAL_NOT_PRESENT = 2;

+  public final static int CARD_NOT_SUPPORTED = 3;

+  public final static int CARD_FOUND = 4;

+

+  private final static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SMCCHelper.class);

+

+  protected SmartCardIO smartCardIO = new SmartCardIO();

+  protected int resultCode = NO_CARD;

+  protected SignatureCard signatureCard = null;

+  protected static boolean useSWCard = false;

+

+  public SMCCHelper() {

+    update();

+  }

+

+  public synchronized void update() {

+    update(-1);

+  }

+

+  public synchronized void update(int sleep) {

+    SignatureCardFactory factory = SignatureCardFactory.getInstance();

+    if (useSWCard) {

+      try {

+        signatureCard = factory.createSignatureCard(null, null);

+        resultCode = CARD_FOUND;

+      } catch (CardNotSupportedException e) {

+        resultCode = CARD_NOT_SUPPORTED;

+        signatureCard = null;

+      }

+      return;

+    }

+    signatureCard = null;

+    resultCode = NO_CARD;

+    // find pcsc support

+    if (smartCardIO.isPCSCSupported()) {

+      // find supported card

+      if (smartCardIO.isTerminalPresent()) {

+        Map<CardTerminal, Card> newCards = null;

+        if (sleep > 0) {

+          smartCardIO.waitForInserted(sleep);

+

+        }

+        newCards = smartCardIO.getCards();

+        for (CardTerminal cardTerminal : newCards.keySet()) {

+          try {

+            Card c = newCards.get(cardTerminal);

+            if (c == null) {

+              throw new CardNotSupportedException();

+            }

+            signatureCard = factory.createSignatureCard(c, cardTerminal);

+            ATR atr = newCards.get(cardTerminal).getATR();

+            log.trace("Found supported card (" + signatureCard.toString() + ") "

+                + "in terminal '" + cardTerminal.getName() + "', ATR = "

+                + toString(atr.getBytes()) + ".");

+            resultCode = CARD_FOUND;

+            break;

+

+          } catch (CardNotSupportedException e) {

+            Card c = newCards.get(cardTerminal);

+            if (c != null) {

+              ATR atr = c.getATR();

+              log.info("Found unsupported card" + " in terminal '"

+                  + cardTerminal.getName() + "', ATR = "

+                  + toString(atr.getBytes()) + ".");

+            } else {

+              log.info("Found unsupported card in terminal '"

+                  + cardTerminal.getName() + "' without ATR");

+            }

+            resultCode = CARD_NOT_SUPPORTED;

+          }

+        }

+      } else {

+        resultCode = TERMINAL_NOT_PRESENT;

+      }

+    } else {

+      resultCode = PC_SC_NOT_SUPPORTED;

+    }

+  }

+

+  public synchronized SignatureCard getSignatureCard(Locale locale) {

+    if (signatureCard != null) {

+      signatureCard.setLocale(locale);

+    }

+    return signatureCard;

+  }

+

+  public int getResultCode() {

+    return resultCode;

+  }

+

+  public static String toString(byte[] b) {

+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

+    sb.append('[');

+    if (b != null && b.length > 0) {

+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[0] & 240) >> 4));

+      sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[0] & 15));

+      for (int i = 1; i < b.length; i++) {

+        sb.append((i % 32 == 0) ? '\n' : ':');

+        sb.append(Integer.toHexString((b[i] & 240) >> 4));

+        sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 15));

+      }

+    }

+    sb.append(']');

+    return sb.toString();

+  }

+

+  public static boolean isUseSWCard() {

+    return useSWCard;

+  }

+

+  public static void setUseSWCard(boolean useSWCard) {

+    SMCCHelper.useSWCard = useSWCard;

+  }

+}

diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/SmartCardIO.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/SmartCardIO.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1866894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/SmartCardIO.java
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.util;

+

+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Collections;

+import java.util.HashMap;

+import java.util.List;

+import java.util.Map;

+

+import javax.smartcardio.Card;

+import javax.smartcardio.CardException;

+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;

+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminals;

+import javax.smartcardio.TerminalFactory;

+import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminals.State;

+

+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

+

+/**

+ *

+ * @author mcentner

+ */

+public class SmartCardIO {

+

+  private static final int STATE_INITIALIZED = 1;

+  

+  private static final int STATE_TERMINAL_FACTORY = 2;

+  

+  private static final int STATE_TERMINALS = 3;

+  

+  private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SmartCardIO.class);

+  

+  final Map<CardTerminal, Card> terminalCard_ = new HashMap<CardTerminal, Card>();

+  

+  int state_ = STATE_INITIALIZED;

+

+  TerminalFactory terminalFactory_ = null;

+  

+  CardTerminals cardTerminals_;

+

+  private void updateTerminalFactory() {

+    TerminalFactory terminalFactory;
+    try {
+      terminalFactory = TerminalFactory.getInstance("PC/SC", null);
+    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+      log.info("Failed to get TerminalFactory of type 'PC/SC'.", e);
+      terminalFactory = TerminalFactory.getDefault();
+    }

+    log.debug("TerminalFactory : " + terminalFactory);

+    if ("PC/SC".equals(terminalFactory.getType())) {

+      terminalFactory_ = terminalFactory;

+    }

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINAL_FACTORY) {

+      state_ = STATE_TERMINAL_FACTORY;

+    }

+  }

+

+  public boolean isPCSCSupported() {

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINAL_FACTORY) {

+      updateTerminalFactory();

+    }

+    return terminalFactory_ != null;

+  }

+

+  private void updateCardTerminals() {

+    if(terminalFactory_ != null) {

+      cardTerminals_ = terminalFactory_.terminals();

+    }

+    log.debug("CardTerminals : " + cardTerminals_);

+    if (state_ < STATE_TERMINALS) {

+      state_ = STATE_TERMINALS;

+    }

+  }

+

+  public CardTerminals getCardTerminals() {

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINAL_FACTORY) {

+      updateTerminalFactory();

+    }

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINALS) {

+      updateCardTerminals();

+    }

+    return cardTerminals_;

+  }

+

+  public boolean isTerminalPresent() {

+    CardTerminals cardTerminals = getCardTerminals();

+    if (cardTerminals != null) {

+      List<CardTerminal> terminals = null;

+      try {

+        terminals = cardTerminals.list(State.ALL);

+        

+        // logging

+        if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {

+          if (terminals == null || terminals.isEmpty()) {

+            log.info("No card terminal found.");

+          } else {

+            StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();

+            msg.append("Found " + terminals.size() + " card terminal(s):");

+            for (CardTerminal terminal : terminals) {

+              msg.append("\n  " + terminal.getName());

+            }

+            log.info(msg.toString());

+          }

+        }

+        

+        return terminals != null && !terminals.isEmpty();

+      } catch (CardException e) {

+        log.info("Failed to list card terminals.", e);

+        return false;

+      }

+    } else {

+      return false;

+    }

+  }

+

+  private Map<CardTerminal, Card> updateCards() {

+

+    // clear card references if removed

+    try {

+      log.trace("terminals.list(State.CARD_REMOVAL)");

+      for (CardTerminal terminal : cardTerminals_.list(CardTerminals.State.CARD_REMOVAL)) {

+        Card card = terminalCard_.remove(terminal);

+        log.trace("card removed : " + card);

+      }

+    } catch (CardException e) {

+      log.debug(e);

+    }

+

+    // check inserted cards

+    Map<CardTerminal, Card> newCards = new HashMap<CardTerminal, Card>();

+    try {

+      log.trace("terminals.list(State.CARD_INSERTION)");

+      for (CardTerminal terminal : cardTerminals_.list(CardTerminals.State.CARD_INSERTION)) {

+

+        Card card = null;

+        try {
+          log.trace("Trying to connect to card.");
+          // try to connect to card

+          card = terminal.connect("*");

+        } catch (CardException e) {

+          log.trace("Failed to connect to card.", e);

+        }

+

+        // have we seen this card before?

+        if (terminalCard_.put(terminal, card) == null) {

+          terminalCard_.put(terminal, card);

+          newCards.put(terminal, card);

+          log.trace("terminal '" + terminal + "' card inserted : " + card); 

+        }

+      }

+    } catch (CardException e) {

+      log.debug(e);

+    }

+    return newCards;

+    

+  }

+

+  public Map<CardTerminal, Card> getCards() {

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINAL_FACTORY) {

+      updateTerminalFactory();

+    }

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINALS) {

+      updateCardTerminals();

+    }

+    updateCards();

+    Map<CardTerminal, Card> terminalCard = new HashMap<CardTerminal, Card>();

+    terminalCard.putAll(terminalCard_);

+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(terminalCard);

+  }

+

+  public Map<CardTerminal, Card> waitForInserted(int timeout) {

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINAL_FACTORY) {

+      updateTerminalFactory();

+    }

+    if(state_ < STATE_TERMINALS) {

+      updateCardTerminals();

+    }

+    try {

+      // just waiting for a short period of time to allow for abort

+      cardTerminals_.waitForChange(timeout);

+    } catch (CardException e) {

+      log.debug("CardTerminals.waitForChange(" + timeout + ") failed.", e);

+    }

+    Map<CardTerminal, Card> newCards = new HashMap<CardTerminal, Card>();

+    newCards.putAll(updateCards());

+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(newCards);

+  }

+}  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/TransparentFileInputStream.java b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/TransparentFileInputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..781f9137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smcc/src/main/java/at/gv/egiz/smcc/util/TransparentFileInputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+* Copyright 2008 Federal Chancellery Austria and
+* Graz University of Technology
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+package at.gv.egiz.smcc.util;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+public abstract class TransparentFileInputStream extends InputStream {
+  
+  private final int chunkSize = 256;
+  
+  private byte[] buf = new byte[chunkSize];
+  private int start = 0;
+  private int end = 0;
+
+  private int offset = 0;
+  
+  private int length = -1;
+  
+  private int limit = -1;
+  
+  private int mark = -1;
+  
+  private int readlimit = -1; 
+  
+  public TransparentFileInputStream() {
+  }
+  
+  public TransparentFileInputStream(int length) {
+    this.length = length;
+  }
+
+  public void setLimit(int limit) {
+    this.limit = limit;
+  }
+
+  private int fill() throws IOException {
+    if (start == end && (limit < 0 || offset < limit)) {
+        int l;
+        if (limit > 0 && limit - offset < chunkSize) {
+          l = limit - offset;
+        } else if (length > 0) {
+          if (length - offset < chunkSize) {
+            l = length - offset;
+          } else {
+            l = chunkSize - 1;
+          }
+        } else {
+          l = chunkSize;
+        }
+        byte[] b = readBinary(offset, l);
+        offset += b.length;
+        if (mark < 0) {
+          start = 0;
+          end = b.length;
+          System.arraycopy(b, 0, buf, start, b.length);
+        } else {
+          if (end - mark + b.length > buf.length) {
+            // double buffer size
+            byte[] nbuf = new byte[buf.length * 2];
+            System.arraycopy(buf, mark, nbuf, 0, end - mark);
+            buf = nbuf;
+          } else {
+            System.arraycopy(buf, mark, buf, 0, end - mark);
+          }
+          start = start - mark;
+          end = end - mark + b.length;
+          mark = 0;
+          System.arraycopy(b, 0, buf, start, b.length);
+        }
+        if (l > b.length) {
+          // end of file reached
+          setLimit(offset);
+        }
+    }
+    return end - start;
+  }
+    
+  protected abstract byte[] readBinary(int offset, int len) throws IOException;
+  
+  @Override
+  public int read() throws IOException {
+    int b = (fill() > 0) ? 0xFF & buf[start++] : -1;
+    if (readlimit > 0 && start > readlimit) {
+      mark = -1;
+      readlimit = -1;
+    }
+    return b;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+    if (b == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException();
+    } else if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+    } else if (len == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int count = 0;
+    int l;
+    while (count < len) {
+      if (fill() > 0) {
+        l = Math.min(end - start, len - count);
+        System.arraycopy(buf, start, b, off, l);
+        start += l;
+        off += l;
+        count += l;
+        if (readlimit > 0 && start > readlimit) {
+          mark = -1;
+          readlimit = -1;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (count > 0) ? count : -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return count;
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void mark(int readlimit) {
+    this.readlimit = readlimit;
+    mark = start;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean markSupported() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
+    if (mark < 0) {
+      throw new IOException();
+    } else {
+      start = mark;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
+
+    if (n <= 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    
+    if (n <= end - start) {
+      start += n;
+      return n;
+    } else {
+      
+      mark = -1;
+      
+      long remaining = n - (end - start);
+      start = end;
+      
+      if (limit >= 0 && limit < offset + remaining) {
+        remaining -= limit - offset;
+        offset = limit;
+        return n - remaining;
+      }
+      
+      if (length >= 0 && length < offset + remaining) {
+        remaining -= length - offset;
+        offset = length;
+        return n - remaining; 
+      }
+      
+      offset += remaining;
+      
+      return n;
+      
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+}